全球化下城市治理軟實力之研究：Farazmand 模式之應用

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题名:	全球化下城市治理軟實力之研究：Farazmand 模式之應用 A Study on the Soft Power of Urban Governance under Globalization from the Farazmand model
作者:	吳德順
贡献者:	政治學系
关键词:	全球化軟實力城市治理
日期:	2019
上传时间:	2019-10-24 09:32:37 (UTC+8)
摘要:	在全球化高度競爭的環境下，傳統的公共行政治理模式已無法因應環境的挑戰，必須建構新的行政能力回應艱困的局勢，全球學者咸認2020年的公共服務在全球經濟、社會及政治的衝擊下，將邁入公共組織重組及對公共服務重新評價的年代，然自學者的論述中可以體會到，城市治理的改革在全球化的進程中有亟需的迫切感，除了突破權威性傳統城市治理模式外，益應針對全球化的特質加以因應。審視2009年11/12月號《美國公共行政評論》的〈建構快速全球化時代的行政能力：為二十一世紀審慎處方〉中，Ali Farazmand指出全球化係無可避免的潮流。爰此，筆者主張理應進行調適與革新，並提出三種策略：調適策略、服務績效策略及發展與提升的策略，而三項能力即為：治理能力、功能性工具的能力與行政能力，渠等三項策略及能力儼然成為Farazmand模式當前軟實力充分運用之精隨。再則軟實力是經由自身吸引力所衍生的影響力，以此架構為基礎，筆者認為應加上軟實力，提出新的三種行政治理能力為治理軟實力、功能柔和力、行政能力扭合力。同時，透過個案研究每位首長的特性、個別城市的績效、人力資源分配結構的多寡等，除了檢視此架構的實用性外，進一步了解全球化城市治理的情況，以提升整個國家治理的效能及效益，然本論文研究結論與建議如后：一、全球化下城市治理建構一個符合時代所需要的調適策略便是兼俱回應與反應能力，以調適改變中的各項條件，在全球化快速變動下，城市治理領導人在解決複雜公共問題上，是要能立即及時反應民眾心聲意見，且即刻回應民眾的需求，這些立即見效的作為，即刻顯現城市領導者為民服務的效能所在。二、面對這波全球化的衝擊，確實是難以彰顯各個城市的主要績效，各個城市治理莫不透過以有限的資源來展現本身特有績效，也隨著知識經濟的到來，公民素質的提升，城市治理在政治事務與公共管理的活動中發揮越來越重要的作用。三、永續發展導向的城市治理係由對內與對外兩種策略建構而成，對內強調城市軟實力活化的方法，首先考量者為城市的布局，結合城市內不同的對象進行組合；對外扭轉的方式要讓城市的環境發展以人為本，以創造城市的人文特色，並透過城市行銷之方式，吸引外資，並將城市推展至國際上、拉抬城市之國際知名度，以及建構城市治理與區域合作之觀念，藉以提升城市服務效能與效率，更能賡續經營。 In the highly competitive environment of globalization, the traditional model of public administration governance has been unable to respond to the challenges of the environment, and it is necessary to construct new administrative capabilities to respond to difficult situations. Global scholars cherish the public service of 2020 in the global and national economies and societies. Under the impact of politics, it will enter the era of public organization reorganization and re-evaluation of public services. However, from the expositions of scholars, we can understand that the reform of urban governance has a much-needed urgency in the process of globalization, except for breakthroughs. In addition to the authoritative traditional urban governance model, benefits should be adapted to the characteristics of globalization. Looking at the November/December 2009 issue of the American Public Administration Review, “Architectural Capacity in the Age of Rapid Globalization: A Prudent Prescription for the Twenty-First Century,” Ali Farazmand pointed out that globalization is an inevitable trend. Therefore, the author advocates that adjustment and innovation should be put forward, and proposes three strategies: adaptation strategy, service performance strategy and development and promotion strategy, and the three capabilities are: governance ability, functional tool ability and administrative ability, canal, etc. The three strategies and capabilities have become the essence of the current soft power of the Farazmand model. In addition, soft power is the influence derived from its own attraction. Based on this structure, the author believes that soft power should be added and new three administrative governance capabilities should be proposed to control soft power, soft function, and administrative ability. At the same time, through the case study of the characteristics of each head, the performance of individual cities, and the structure of human resources allocation, in addition to examining the practicality of this structure, we will further understand the situation of global urban governance to enhance the effectiveness of national governance. Benefits, but the conclusions and recommendations of this paper are as follows: 1. Urban governance under globalization. A adaptation strategy that meets the needs of the times is to respond to both the ability to respond and to respond to changing conditions. Under the rapid changes in globalization, urban governance leaders are solving complex public problems. On the issue, it is necessary to immediately respond to the public's opinions and respond to the needs of the people. These immediate effects will immediately show the effectiveness of city leaders in serving the people. 2.In the face of the impact of this wave of globalization, it is indeed difficult to highlight the main performance of each city. The governance of each city does not show its own unique performance through limited resources, but also with the arrival of the knowledge economy, the quality of citizens, the city Governance plays an increasingly important role in political affairs and public management activities. 3. The sustainable development-oriented urban governance system is constructed by internal and external strategies. The emphasis is on the method of urban soft power activation. The first consideration is the layout of the city, combined with different objects in the city; The way is to make the city's environmental development people-oriented, to create the city's humanistic characteristics, and to attract foreign investment through urban marketing, to promote the city to the international, to promote the city's international visibility, and to establish the concept of urban governance and regional cooperation. To improve the efficiency and efficiency of urban services, and to continue to operate.
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