| 摘要: | 都市的快速發張導致生物的棲地結構破碎化嚴重，目前都市公園作爲一個重要的生物棲地斑塊存在，是都市生態系統中的主要組成部分。其具有生態、景觀、防災、游憩等多元的功能服務，同時為生物在都市中提供棲息地。對人類而言，植物多樣性起著舉足輕重的作用。植物作爲公園綠地的重要組成部分，能夠提升人類生活品質。且保護植物多樣性與生態系統的維持，是人類社會永續發展的基石。根據文獻查閲目前都市化對植物多樣性的影響的研究多在單一的空間、組織尺度進行研究，對兩個或多個空間的研究較少。本次研究目的主要為探討都市發展水平對都市植物多樣性的驅動作用。研究過程首先以比較臺北與廈門兩地都市化水平差異，其次通過比較都市公園之間的植物多樣性。結果顯示：1.臺北都市發展水平要高於廈門都市發展水平。2.通過臺北 12 個都市公園與廈門 6 個都市公園，共調查到的木本植物分別為，臺北市公園調查植物中共統計到 106 科 198 屬 218 種，廈門市公園調查植物種共統計到 76 科、146 屬、166 種。兩地相同植物共計 134 種，其中相同外來物種占相同物種總數的比值均≥50%；臺北在不同公園面積類型的木本植物多樣性整體上較高于廈門市；3.通過面積與植物多樣性的關係分析中，證實了臺北都市公園面積與木本植物、原生植物、外來植物的物種數量均具有顯著的正相關對數函數關係。廈門公園面積與木本植物、原生植物、外來種物種數量均無顯著相關。4.通過將不同面積類型的公園進行單因子方差分析的 LSD 多重比較。臺北不同面積類型的公園對木本植物豐富度的承載上，大公園顯著高於中公園、小公園、微型公園；小公園顯著高於微型公園；對原生植物豐富度的承載上，大公園顯著高於中公園、小公園、微型公園；小公園顯著高於微型公園；對外來植物豐富度的承載上，大公園顯著高於中公園、小公園、微型公園；中公園顯著高於微型公園。廈門市均不存在顯著性差異。不同面積類型的公園之間 Shannon-wiener 多樣性指數與 Pielou 均匀度指數，臺北、廈門均無顯著性差異。5.廈門所調查的 6 個公園與臺北都市所調查的 12 個公園均出現植物物種均質化現象，且廈門比臺北均質化現象嚴重。
The rapid urbanization progress of cities has led to serious structural fragmentation of organism habitats. Urban parks, as important biological habitat patches, are the main
components of the urban ecosystem and have multiple functions such as ecology, landscape,disaster prevention and recreation, while providing habitats for living things in the cities. For humans, plant diversity also plays a vital role. As an imperative part of green space in parks,plants can improve the quality of human life and maintain biological diversity and ecosystem.It is the cornerstone of sustainable development of human society. According to the literature,previous researches mainly focused on the impact of urbanization on plant diversity in a single spatial and organizational scale. However, few studies involved with two or more spaces. This study aims at two urban areas, with the main purpose of exploring the driving force of urban development level on urban plant diversity. The research compared the differences in urbanization between Taipei and Xiamen, and then also plant diversity among urban parks. The results showed that: 1. The comprehensive value of Taipei's urban development level was higher than that of Xiamen's; 2. There were 218 species of 198 genera and 106 families in Taipei’s urban parks, and a total of 76 families, 146 genera and 166 species in Xiamen’s, according to the survey on woody plants in 12 urban parks in Taipei and 6 in Xiamen. There were 134 identical plants in the two places, of which the ratio of the same alien species to the total number of the same species was ≥50%; and woody plant diversity in different park types in Taipei was higher than that in Xiamen; 3. By analyzing the relationship between size and species’ quantity, it was confirmed that the area of Taipei’s urban parks had a significant positive correlation logarithm function relationship with the number of woody plants, native plants and exotic plants, while no significant correlation presented in Xiamen. 4.Through LSD multiple comparison of one-way ANOVA deviation of parks with varying size,the large parks were found to have significantly higher bearing capacity for carrying more woody plant species than the middle, smaller and miniature parks. In terms of native plant
species, carrying capacity of larger parks was also significantly higher than that of others, and smaller parks were higher than miniature ones. As to the number of foreign plant species,larger parks still showed a significantly highest bearing capacity than those of other size, and medium parks were significantly higher than miniature ones. There was no significant difference in Xiamen. In respect of Shannon-wiener diversity index and the Pielou evenness index, there was no significant difference among various size of parks both in Taipei and Xiamen; 5. All the 6 parks in Xiamen and 12 in Taipei presents homogenization of plant species, and Xiamen was more serious. |
