回歸後澳門公務員招聘制度的探討︰ 效率及公平性的分析

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题名:	回歸後澳門公務員招聘制度的探討︰效率及公平性的分析 The Recruitment System of Civil Servant in Macao SAR: Efficiency and Fairness
作者:	方倩婷
贡献者:	社會科學院澳門境外碩士在職專班
关键词:	公務員招聘澳門公平效率
日期:	2019
上传时间:	2019-09-18 14:47:21 (UTC+8)
摘要:	澳門公務員招聘制度一直是其中一項被受社會關注的政策議題，特別是公平性與效率性的問題。故此，本研究主要探討澳門回歸後的公務員招聘制度的公平性與效率性。回歸後的澳門共推行了三種不同模式的公務員招聘制度，起初最受社會熱議的議題是澳門公務人員招聘制度的「契仔文化」，亦即任人唯親。隨著公平民主的政治發展，政府為了改善任人唯親的問題而實行新的招聘制度，但招聘效率卻成了社會詬病的焦點。澳門特區政府現行的新招聘制度是希望維持公平且提高效率。本研究會從公平與效率的角度探討澳門公務人員招聘制度背後的價值取向，以及所面臨的問題。本文主要透過公平（程序公平、實質公平及互動公平）及時間效率的角度分析過往與本研究題目相關的期刊文章、書籍、法律法規、政策報告及報章等，瞭解相關議題的歷史發展及現況，亦可以從過往的研究當中得到啓發，對相同的議題進行不同面向的研究，從而使該議題得到更創新、全面的發現。經過本次研究後發現，澳門公務員招聘制度的改革重點是以公平為主且希望提高效率，而實際情況卻未如理想。在制度改革的過程中，不乏關於損害開考之公平性的真實情況，且效率問題仍未見改善。因此，回歸後的澳門公務員招聘制度仍然有需要改進的地方。為了能為澳門公務員招聘制度提供具參考性之建議，本文參考了鄰近地區（香港和台灣）在公務員招聘制度上維持公平性和效率性之做法，希望從中得以啟發從而提出針對性的改善方法，以進一步發揮考選制度的功能。 Macao's civil service recruitment system has always received attention from the public, especially its fairness and efficiency. Therefore, this study mainly probes into the fairness and efficiency of the system after Macao's return. Macao has implemented three different civil service recruitment systems after its return. At the beginning, "nepotism", that is, appointment of people by favoritism, of the system was hotly debated. Along with the political development of fairness and democracy, the government adopted a new recruitment system, aiming to ameliorate nepotism. However, the efficiency of the new system turned into a most contentious issue. The current system is designated to maintain fairness and improve efficiency. This study probes into the value orientation and problems of the system. This paper mainly analyzes the past journals, books, laws and regulations, policy reports, and newspapers related to the topic from the perspectives of fairness (procedural, substantive, and interactive fairness) and time efficiency and learns the history and status quo of relevant issues. Moreover, it is inspired by past researches and discusses this topic from different dimensions in order to make more innovative and comprehensive discovery. This study finds that, the reform of civil service recruitment system of Macao focuses on fairness and efficiency, but the actual situation is not ideal. During the system reform, the fairness of exam has been impaired. And the efficiency has not yet been raised. Hence, it is still necessary to improve the recruitment system after Macao's return. In order to provide references to Macao's civil servant recruitment system, this paper refers to the measures to maintain fairness and efficiency of counterpart systems in adjacent areas (Hong Kong and Taiwan), intends to propose suggestions on improvement, and gives full play to the role of recruitment by exam.
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