影響港澳居民大學畢業生就業地區意向因素之探討

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Title:	影響港澳居民大學畢業生就業地區意向因素之探討 The Influencial Factors of Region for Developing Career of University Graduate of Hong Kong and Macao Residents
Authors:	童咏欣
Contributors:	社會科學院澳門境外碩士在職專班
Keywords:	港澳大學畢業生就業地區選擇粵港澳青年政策推拉理論 University graduates coming for Hong Kong and Macao The choice of region for developing career The youth policy of Guangdong,Hong Kong and Macao Push and pull theory
Date:	2019
Issue Date:	2019-08-22 10:50:51 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	爲配合中國大陸、社會和經濟的發展需要，配合「一帶一路」建設的需要，從2015年「粵港澳大灣區」概念的提出到2019年公佈的《粵港澳大灣區發展規劃綱要》，粵港澳地區的新規劃為港澳大學畢業生提供了更多可供選擇就業工作和生活的機遇。同時，粵港澳地區的發展離不開相關的人才和勞動力。因此，粵、港、澳三個地區的青年人才政策，能否成爲成爲該地區招賢納士的資本，能否吸引到新一代港澳大學生這一新鮮血液加入，成爲本次研究的最大動機。本次研究將以博弈論、人力資本理論和推拉理論為理論基礎，通過問卷調查法，去研究港澳大學畢業生就業地區意向的相關影響因素。筆者以博弈論分析粵港澳既競爭又合作的過程；以人力資本理論道明，人力資本對區域經濟發展的重要性，以促使多個城市和地區推出吸引港澳青年到該區就業生活的政策；以推拉理論奠定問卷的理論基礎，將影響港澳大學畢業生就業意向的因素歸類為：家庭因素、經濟因素和政策因素。通過分析，發現影響港澳大學畢業生選擇(非)原居地的主要因素為：伴侶工作的地方，家人常居的地方、更高的工資、匹配個人抱負、更多的工作機會、更低的房租和更低的買樓成本。當然，對已婚的受訪者而言，會對該地的教育水準和社會保障制度更爲看重。 With the needs of national， social and economic development， and with the needs of the “One Belt， One Road” construction， from the concept of “Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area” was proposed in 2015 ， to the “The development plan for Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area” published in 2019， the new planning of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Area provides Hong Kong and Macao graduates with more opportunities to choose to work and live. At the same time， the development of Guangdong， Hong Kong and Macao cannot be separated from related talents and labors. Therefore， will the youth talent policy of this three areas be the attractions of employment? Or will the youth talent policy push Hong Kong and Macao graduates to come to work? And that is also the biggest motivation of this study. Based on the game theory， human capital theory and push-pull theory， and with the using of literature analysis and questionnaire survey， the study will come up with the answer of which factors affect the choice of region for developing career by university graduates coming from Hong Kong and Macao. The author analyzes the process of development of Guangdong， Hong Kong and Macao by game theory; The human capital theory clarifies the importance of human capital to regional economic development， to push every city and region with lots of policies to attract Hong Kong and Macao young people to come to work and live. The push-pull theory is the foundation of the questionnaire， and classifies the factors affecting the employment intention of Hong Kong and Macao university graduates into three factors: family factors， economic factors and policy factors. Through the analysis， it is found that the main factors affecting Hong Kong and Macao university graduates choose to work on (non-) place of origin are: the place where the partner works， the place where the family lives， the higher salary， the personal ambition， the more job opportunities， the lower rent and lower purchase costs. Of course， for married respondents， the level of education and social security system in the area will be more important.
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