| 摘要: | 本研究旨在探討澳門高校中的創新創業教育如何培訓本地創業項目，同時協助學生投入“大眾創業、萬眾創新”的發展，以及有關政策的實施情況和實際面對的問題。
研究方法以比較研究法、深度訪談法及焦點團體訪談法進行定性研究。比較研究法以澳門大學及新加坡國立大學為研究對象，應用伯頓·克拉克的創業型大學要素模型，對兩所高校的各項制度及資料在並列及分類後進行分析。深度訪談法採用立意抽樣，針對現任職及曾任職於澳門高校，且負責有關創新創業教育工作或具相關經驗之人士，或現於澳門高校參加創業孵化器的項目負責人作為研究對象。焦點團體訪談法採用方便抽樣，以澳門大學在讀學生為研究對象。並按照設定的半結構訪談大綱進行訪談，並在過程中進行錄音，再將其轉釋為逐字稿。透過紮根理論的三級編碼分析訪談資料，得出222 個概念、37 個範疇、9 個關係類屬及3 個主範疇，最後構建出“高校創新創業教育模式”理論模型。
研究結果顯示，澳門高校創新創業教育課程主要針對高新科技項目，對有強烈創業意願的學生進行培養，而現時的教育基本滿足學生的創新創業需求，但在高校發展中，出現創新創業人才不足及缺乏民間投入的情況，影響了創新創業教育運作的質量。此外，研究亦了解到學生在創業過程中的角色上較難分配時間，間接影響創業項目的發展。在本地學生與非本地學生的培養上出現文化差異，創業意向的培養上出現本地與非本地學生的不同。最後，根據研究所得的結論及紮根理論發展出的澳門高校創新創業教育模式理論模型，期望能夠對政府部門及高校提出建議，提高澳門高校創新創業教育的質量及學生滿意度，同時日後作為澳門高校創新創業教育相關研究與實務之參考。
The purpose of this research is to explore the innovation and entrepreneurship education in Macau higher education institutions, examine it how to training the local startup projects, how to assist the students to involve the development of Mass entrepreneurship and innovation, and the situation about the policy implementation and problems.
The research method was employed comparative research, in-depth interview and focus group interview in qualitative research. The participants in comparative research were the University of Macau and National Singapore University, using Entrepreneurial Universities Model by Burton R. Clark, to analysis the system and information between two universities. In-depth interview using purposively sampling, select the participants who working/ worked in Macau institutions and incharge / experienced in innovation and entrepreneurship education. Focus group interview using convenience sampling, the participants were the students enrolled in the University of Macau. design the semi-structured interview guide and start the interview, also record the audio about the process, transcribe it to be the interview transcription. Using the three level of coding in grounded theory to review the collected data, got 222 concepts, 37 categories, 9 relations, and 3 core categories, finally developed the theoretical model of "Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education Model in Institutions".
The result of the research shows that the innovation and entrepreneurship education in Macau Institutions focusing on high tech projects, mainly helping the students who got high intention in entrepreneurship, and now the education system basically fulfilled the needs of students who also were the young entrepreneurs. On the other side, there are still some problems influenced the education quality, like lack of talents and investment from the community. Also, the students got difficult to balance the time management between the entrepreneurs and students, influence their start up's development, the result also found that there are the cultural differences about the intention training between local and non-local students. In addition, based on the research findings and theoretical model of "Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education Model in Institutions", it is expected the government and institutions in Macau can be advised, to improve the quality of innovation and entrepreneur’s education and student's satisfaction, in future also can be the reference for the related research and practice. |
