創新活動在地理空間上分布的差異也一直是經濟地理學者關切的議題，大部分學者認為知識具有地域集中的特質，其傳播與擴散受到地理疆界與距離的限制，創新活動者在空間上的聚集助於知識傳遞、技術交流與學習，進而帶動該地產業的創新與發明。隨著資訊傳輸技術帶動知識的跨界流動，創新活動者彼此的關係連結逐漸跳脫地域疆界之限制，擴大為跨區域的合作模式。傳統以地理鄰近性為主導的地區創新優勢受到關係連結的影響，合作伙伴的地理區位朝向跨區域網路之型態發展。結合在地與跨地技術與互補知識及能力而形成的網路結構，被認為是城市在動態產業環境中快速調適、避免負面鎖定的關鍵性策略。另一方面，近來愈加頻繁的全球性經濟風暴與金融危機，再加上極端氣候導致的環境衝擊，學者意識到這些人為及天然災損影響產業發展，研究產業如何面對這些變化採取的調適策略，進而提出城市回復力的觀點，其中城市透過在地與跨地創新網路的連結模式來建立一套能夠吸收內、外部資源的網路結構，當遭遇上述衝擊時，將能更彈性且快速地發展新路徑以為因應與調適，但以此「跨域協力」的網路論點鮮少見於相關文獻及實證研究。本計畫以美國在1985年至2015年間，研究生物技術專利發明人居住的全美150座城市之共同專利生產力的變化情況，再對比此期間的經濟或自然災害衝擊，以發掘各城市的專利生產力之回復情況是否因不同的城際合作創新網路模式而有顯著差異。我的基本假設是大環境的衝擊確實影響城市共同專利生產力，但程度會因城市本身吸收資源的網路結構有關，越具全國性或大區域的城市連結型態，影響該城市的專利生產力越輕微（經濟回復之周期較短），但越是小區域或地方型的城市連結模式，影響該城市的專利生產力越嚴重（經濟回復之周期較長）。我以社會網路分析方法計算城市節點中心性，以波峰–波谷的演算法探討災害事件影響城市共同專利生產力的回復能力，本計畫之重要性在了解不同城際創新網路模式在城市遭受人為及天然災害後的共同專利生產力回復能力，以為日後接續研究城市韌性網路（resilient network）之基礎。
Theories of localized knowledge exchange emphasize geographical concentration of inventive firms, research institutions, and creative individuals. Knowledge transfer is bounded in space because human interaction relies on face-to-face exchange of tacit knowledge. Recently, the existence of collaborative clusters and networks raises challenges for understanding the new geography of invention. Growing numbers of scholars argue collaborative networks in which individuals and groups are embedded in wide-ranging webs of relationships. Combing both local and extra-local partners, the space of knowledge flows functions as a system of network where knowledge transmit around different alignments of agents in distant places. On the other hand, scholars argued the concept of urban resilience by combining local and extra-local competences to enhance rapid adaptation of economic or climate shocks. Little attention has been given to the role of networks in co-invention and few empirical studies have been conducted. This research builds on my prior work by updating the dataset and extending the analysis. I conduct an empirical analysis using both social network analysis and peak-trough algorithm. Biotechnology co-invention involved increasing knowledge exchange and collaboration is investigated. Co-patenting measured as co-invention offers new insights into inter-city inventive networks within and between US cities. I examine the relative importance of network in biotechnology co-patenting productivity among the 150 US cities from 1985 to 2015. The goal of this research is to provide insight into the inter-city networks of co-invention and how this pattern can be used to enhance urban resilience.
