| 摘要: | 本研究主要目的是運用文獻回顧的方式，探討糖尿病與運動目前在世界各地所發展的情況及對策。文獻的收集運用美國西肯塔基大學期刊資料庫，索引糖尿病、糖化血色素、運動等關鍵字，尋找近年內有關運動與糖尿病的研究報告。從文獻回顧中發現，糖化血色素濃度長期以來，都視為監控糖尿病患的黃金指標。另外，第一類型糖尿病在青少年身上有快速增加的趨勢，其原因可能與飲食、運動習慣和個人新陳代謝有關，第三類型糖尿病一般來說都伴隨著肥胖、高血壓和高血脂，可能與中老年人靜態的坐式生活模式有關。此外，不管是低、中、高強度的有氧運動或阻抗訓練，都可視為對於糖尿病患有益的運動處方。最後，控制穩定的血糖，減少其他併發症發病的機率，是對於糖尿病患控制的關鍵要素。更進步來說，如何去發現與定義糖尿病初期病患，並用非藥物性的方式控制與對待，看起來對未來糖尿病的患者具有指標性意義。
Purpose: To explore the active community environmental factors affecting residents' participation in physical activity. Method: Delphi method was employed to form a consensus from the expert panel The Delphi Method is a tool for achieving consensual validity among experts by providing them an anonymous summary of the experts' opinions from the previous round of questionnaire. This study was conducted by 25 experts who engage in the fields of physical fitness, statistics, leisure management, public health, urban planning, and health care. Statistical methods included mean, median, and standard deviation calculations using Microsoft Office Excel 2007 software. Results: factors identified from this study were categorized into five categories: 1. space (11 items); 2. facility (5 items); 3. supporting infrastructure (6 items); 4. safety (13 items); 5. aesthetics (5 items). Top 10 factors were known to be: safety, environmental cleanness, lifeguards, toilets, air quality, space design, crime, travel time to the facilities, the distances to facilities, parking. Conclusion: The findings were consistent with outcomes from other researches except for subjective and objective safety factors. Safety was deemed to be the most important factor by the expert panel in this study. Our findings may provide references for the public health department, urban planning professionals, and other community health-related researches. Further researches may investigate specific active community environmental factors in various communities in order to increase the residents' participation in the lifestyle of active living. |
