| 摘要: | In order to understand the elementary school teachers' conceptions of educational value and make certain of their missions on value; nature, meanings and categories of value were discussed at the. beginning of this theiss. A survey was then made by sampling 520 elementary school teachers according to their human districts in Taiwan and their lengths of teaching. The same questionanaire was also answered by some junior normal college teachers during their summer extension courses at Graduate Institute of Education of National Taiwan Normal University. In comparison between these. two groups, differences were found (1) the indications of the meaning of value (2) attitudes toward teaching (3) teaching methods (4) conceptions of teaching and .(5) their ways of daily living. In accordance with elementary school teachers' answers, the following conclusions were drawn: 1. The Nature of Value (a). Human being is the center of values. (b). value has certain degree of persistence. (c). Each person's value system is unique. . (d). Value is a kind of faith. (e). Value is an internalized symbolic system. 2. The Meanings of Value (a).Value means "worthwhile". (b). Value means "excellent". (c). Value means "useful". (d). Value means "important". (e). Value means "virtuous". 3. Categories of Value (a). In terms of forms, there are valuable and valueless, positive value and negative value, internal value and external value, absolute value and relative value, high level value and low level value. (b). In terms of dynamics, there are necessary value, ideal value and emotional value. (c). In terms of nature, there are universal value, selective value and variational value. (d). In terms of the subodinated, there are cultural value, social value and personal value. 4. The meanings of educational value are as follows (a). Education means "worthwhile". (b). Education means "excellent". (c). Education means "useful". (d). Education means "important". (e). Education means "virtuous". The value of education can be observed through its functions. The most basical and important ones are as follows. (a). Individual Development - Education is to develope pupils to cooperate, to guide pupils' growth and emotional adjustment. (b). Group Harmony - Education is to teach pupils how to get along with others, to be honest and to love others. (c). Progress - Education is to promote the individual and social progresses. 5. The teachers' valuable tasks are (a) to teach pupils instead of teaching texts (b) to teach pupils equally while teaching pupils in respect of their capacities (c) to get self-improvement through teaching (d) teaching with love. 6. The actual value conceptions of the elementary school teachers are as follows. (a). Their explanations of the meaning of value tend to be more superficial and practical. (b). Their teaching attitudes are either positive or negative. (c) Some teachers', teaching methods are inadequate. (d). Further studies on teachers' conceptions of teaching are required. (e). The activities of their daily life differ which due to different districts and lengths of teaching. It is also found that the value conceptions of some junior normal college teachers are different from those of the elementary school teachers in explaining the meaning and their using of teaching methods. From the above conclusions, the following recommendations are made. (1) It will be great help that all the elementary school teachers could bear positive attitudes toward teaching. (2) All of the elementary school teachers should take advanced in-service training. (3) The elementary school teachers should have adequate conception of education to carry on effective teaching. (4) All of the elementary school teachers should establish a proper value system and pursue a higher level of value. (5) Further researches on the value conceptions of the elementary school teachers are needed. |
