| 摘要: | 住宅問題至18世紀工業革命以來，即成為各國歷屆政府在內政上的隱憂，不論是早期眼不見為淨的消極以待，亦或是二次大戰之後積極介入處理、制定各種政策以舒緩迫在眉睫的問題，都可以看出執政者對於住宅的重視程度與處理問題的決心。
美國住宅政策在執行上出現多元性的發展，因為族群問題，補貼方式多於提供公共住宅，且在公共住宅供給上呈現波段起伏之現象。英國在戰後即開始興建公共住宅，1979年開始大規模轉向，政黨，推行私有化政策，所有權快速提升，然而公共住宅存量大量下降之後，卻暫停興建，直到再次政黨輪替才再次重新興建，並發展多元化的住宅政策。新加坡與臺灣同為亞洲地區國家，具有相同與類似的文化內涵，亦是亞洲四小龍之一，發展經濟的同時政府亦介入處理居住問題，其成果之顯著，已成為眾多國家參考的對象之一。臺灣住宅政策才剛起步，過去以國民住宅為主要發展內容，近年因民怨問題開始發展社會住宅政策，然而現今體制仍有許多能夠發展與修正之處，將透過本文點出。
本文乃針對美國、英國、新加坡之住宅政策進行探討，以歷史資料整理作為撰寫本文主軸，詳細羅列各國在住宅政策的制定、執行、所遭遇之瓶頸、與轉折，再次回顧並重新釐清住宅政策制定的軌跡，此外，更透過深度訪談專家、學者、政府官員、社會組織檢視臺灣住宅政策應修正與調整之方向。
Since Industrial Revolution, for the governments around the world, the issue of housing has become a serious domestic problem. In the past, some governments treated it lightly. However, after World War II, some governments started to get involved in formulating housing policies, which demonstrated rulers’ determination to find a solution.
In the U.S., the housing policy has developed diversely. Because of ethnic diversity, the amount of housing subsidies is much more than the amount of public housing and the supply of public housing presents a wave-like fluctuation. In the U.K., the public housing has been built after World War II. Since 1979, political parties implemented privatization and the ownership increased rapidly. Nevertheless, after the amount of public housing had decreased considerably, the construction of public housing was suspended. It was not until party alternation that the public housing was built up again so that the government started to develop multiple housing policies. In Singapore, the government has not only developed the economy but also intervened in the problem of habitation at the same time. The result is so successful that it is worth being a reference to Taiwan because Singapore and Taiwan both share similar Chinese culture. In addition, Taiwan lacks experience in housing issue. For example, in the past, public housing was the main policy, but in recent years, it is social housing that has just developed because of growing popular discontent. Therefore, the housing policy in Taiwan needs to be improved. The present study will indicate what should be revised and what should be reserved.
The study will focus on the housing policy in the U.S., the U.K., and Singapore. Historical documents which present the process of how to formulate, implement and face difficulties in housing policy will be featured in the whole study. Moreover, by interviewing scholars, specialties, government officials and social institutions, the direction of housing policy will become clear so that Taiwanese government will know how to improve the status quo. |
