| 摘要: | 空間語意規則(spatial semantic rules)為定義物件屬性、幾何及其三度空間組合關係，其可藉由構件 的單元屬性與組合，解析其規則，並理出物件的幾何特性。建築資訊模型(Building Information Modeling, BIM)之參數化建模(parametric modeling)為現今最有效益之設計自動化建模方式之一。其以自動化之參 數方式來產生豐富多樣的複合構件，並且能更快速、更準確的方式進一步建立資料庫、歸納資料並加 以分析評估。然而宋營造法式為中國建築營建工程中建立了最早的資料庫與法制規則的歸納，使得其 能以最有效益的方式進行建築，其中詳述了建築設計、比例、結構、施工、用料等方面的法制規範要 求。尤其是大木作中的屋架系統，充滿了豐富的構件，然其複雜的組構形式，竟然可用統一簡單的斗 拱堆疊而成，甚而可用簡單制式的語彙描繪出整體複雜的表現形態，從而又能於不同使用規模層級中 反映出其統一的面貌，著實讓人驚異與好奇。因此，本研究將參照宋營造法式大木構為例，探討並建 構空間語意規則應用於BIM 參數自動化建模的方法及其效能。 其研究步驟，首先就空間語意規則推導其理論方法，並整理其文法規則，建立物件參數資料，再 將營造法式之大木作構件系統加以分析整合後，透過所建構的語意規則產生其物件屬性。再運用其屬 性文法建立彼此的參數關聯，並以BIM 建置構件模型之參數資料庫，以自動化建模組合不同構件模 型，再進行營造法式大木作構件的組合，完整呈現大木構的平面圖、立面、剖面、詳圖、三維立體視 圖、透視圖、材料表等資訊表達，並且導入BIM 數量估算功能來進行分析及評估。然後再進行程式編 撰，轉換為GDL(Geometric Description Language)參數化物件建模，再以BIM 之 ArchiCAD 軟體做為 模擬平台，將模型資料庫參數化，並建構各種面向之參數化視圖做為回饋檢核。最後進行傳統建模與 自動化參數建模之效益評估，並驗證其動態模擬之效能，並進一步探討營造法式中大木作之幾何尺度、 位向關聯與其屬性之整體性關聯，包括構件名稱、尺寸、形狀、部位、層級、接合等，並針對建築設 計多樣化之設計屬性與幾何模型做檢證，並建構初步的動態模擬與參數建模之自動化效益評估的核心 理論。 此研究最終驗證了自動化建模在BIM 系統中的準確性與效益，利用營造法式語意規則之轉化，可 以在實務界能有效益的在BIM 平台之運作，不僅能解析大木構物件資料庫，並且還能調控自動化程 序，模型本身效能的檢測，空間語意概念設計的造型表現等，最後提出第一版的營造法式之大木作構 架語意BIM 自動化系統雛形。本研究分為兩年執行，第一年為：推導空間語意規則之BIM 參數自動 化建模之理論構架雛型，並建立營造法式之大木作構件的相關文獻資料庫、解析營造法式之大木作語 意規則，及其構件相關幾何與構造屬性、建構BIM 之大木作構件基礎物件資料庫、轉換建置其空間3D 模型的模擬展示。第二年為：主要在於建構構造程序語意規則的關聯矩陣與模擬程式的擴充修正，驗 證並校估BIM 之營造法式之大木作構件系統有效性與準確性，模擬評估其自動化的效能提共未來中 國建築研究之工具、教學、設計參照使用。
Spatial semantic rules (SSR) for the definition of object attributes, geometric and three-dimensional combination of space, which can be by the components of the unit properties and composition, to analyze its rules and to understand the geometric properties of objects. Parametric modeling of building information modeling (BIM) is one of the most effective design automation modeling methods available today. It uses automated parameters to produce a variety of composite components, and can be more rapid and accurate way to further build the database, summarize the data and analysis and evaluation. However, the SONG Yingzao Fashi has established the earliest database and rule of law in Chinese construction projects, so that it can be constructed in the most cost-effective way. It details architectural design, proportion, structure, construction, materials and so on. Especially in the wood-frame construction (WFC) system, is full of a wealth of components, however its complex form of the structure, even some simple brackets can be stacked, can be used to describe the vocabulary of the overall performance of the complex form, which can in the use of different levels of scale to reflect the unity of the face, really surprising and curious. Therefore, this study will explore and construct the method and efficiency of the application of SSR in BIM parameter automatic modeling. Firstly, the paper deduces the theoretical method of SSR, arranges its grammar rules, builds the object parameter data, and then analyzes and integrates the system of Yingzao Fashi WFC component, and then generates the object attribute through the constructed semantic rules. And then use its attribute grammar to establish the parameters of each other, and BIM to build component model parameters of the database to automatically model the combination of different components model, and then create a combination of Yingzao Fashi WFC components for the complete presentation of plane, section, detail, three-dimensional view, perspective, material tables and other information expression, and import the BIM quantity estimation function for analysis and evaluation. And then the program compiled, converted to GDL (Geometric Description Language) parametric object modeling, and then to BIM's ArchiCAD software as a simulation platform, the model database parameterization, and construct a variety of parameter-oriented view as a feedback check. Finally, the efficiency evaluation of traditional modeling and automatic parameter modeling is carried out, and the effectiveness of the dynamic simulation is verified. Furthermore, the geometric and positional associations of the WFC are discussed, including the component names, shape, position, level, and joint. The design attributes and geometrical models of building design diversification are examined, and the core theory of automatic benefit evaluation of dynamic simulation and parametric modeling is constructed. Overall expected research results, First year: The theoretical framework of the automatic modeling of BIM parameters for SSR is deduced, the establishment of WFC component relevant literature databases, analytic geometry and structural properties related to WFC component, construction of WFC component basis BIM object database conversion build a 3D model of the spatial simulation display, analyze and deduce WFC component factor and its bonding mode program to construct prototype GDL dynamic simulation platform. Second year: Mainly in the construction of semantic rules for the construction of the association matrix and simulation program expansion correction. Validation and assessment of BIM to create the Yingzao Fashi WFC system validity and accuracy. Simulation and evaluation of the effectiveness of its automation to provide a total of the future of Chinese architectural research tools, teaching, design reference to use. |
