| 摘要: | 背景：高強度循環訓練 (High-Intensity Circuit Training, HICT)，除具備訓練的生理效益外，又增加了循環訓練的多樣及變化性；且訓練時間短、無需器材、空間需求不大，因此，保齡球選手於球場就可施行之訓練。目的：探討6週高強度循環訓練對競技保齡球選手身體組成 (體重、肌肉量及體脂肪量)、專項體能 (握力、背肌力、有氧能力、動態平衡穩定、下肢與軀幹之等速肌力、肌耐力) 與運動表現 (投擲準確度、投擲效率) 之影響。方法：以27名年齡15~18歲之高中競技保齡球選手為研究對象，採男、女生先分開再平均隨機分為3組，分別為：接受HICT連續訓練組、HICT分段訓練組及控制組 (動、靜態伸展)，介入6週、每週3次之訓練。所有研究對象於實驗前、後一週進行檢測。所得數據以混合設計二因子變異數分析。結果：接受HICT訓練之2組別均可顯著增加肌肉量，但體脂肪量及體脂肪率僅在分段組達顯著；專項體能分面：不論連續訓練組或分段訓練組均可顯著增加左、右手握力、背肌力、心肺耐力及動態平衡穩定度，下肢及軀幹之肌力、肌耐力於連續訓練組顯著提升膝屈肌肌耐力、軀幹伸肌肌力及屈肌肌耐力，且與分段訓練組之軀幹伸肌肌力及控制組軀幹屈肌肌耐力達組間差異，分段訓練組顯著可提升膝伸肌肌力、軀幹屈肌肌耐力；運動表現：接受HICT訓練之2組皆有助於降低投擲誤差，提升全倒次數達顯著差異，且與控制組組間皆達顯著。結論：HICT均可顯著增加肌肉量，若要改善體脂肪以分段訓練較佳；連續及分段訓練均可顯著提升專項體能 (握力、背肌力、心肺耐力及動態穩定平衡)，膝關節、軀幹之肌力、肌耐力：連續組提升 (膝屈肌、軀幹屈肌肌耐力及軀幹伸肌肌力)，分段組提升 (膝伸肌肌力及軀幹屈肌肌耐力)，且連續組對膝屈肌訓練優於對膝伸肌；不論是連續或分段訓練均可提高投擲效率及降低失誤獲取更佳成績。
Background: High-Intensity Circuit Training (HICT), include various benefits of physical, short time, using body weight, save space and multiple movement combinations. Therefore, Suitable for Bowler in the alley implements training. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of HICT on body composition (body weight, muscle mass, body fat), special fitness (grip strength, back strength, aerobic capacity, dynamic balance, trunk and lower limbs strength) and performance for 6-weeks. Methods: The subjects were 27 senior bowlers. Firstly, subjects were separated male and female. Secondly, were randomly divided into 3 groups: 9 in Continues HICT (CHICT), 9 in Intermittent HICT (IHICT) and 9 in Control group (CT), every group trained three times per week for 6-weeks. All subjects were test one week before and after the training. The statistics were analyzed using two-way ANOVA, mixed design. Results: The body composition showed 2 HICT group were increase muscle mass and body fat, but only IHICT showed significantly decrease body fat. HICT groups there were significantly improved on special fitness of handgrip, back strength, aerobic capacity and dynamic balance. Both lower limbs Strength and endurance showed CHICT significantly improvements of knee flexor strength, trunk extensor strength and flexor endurance. The CHICT differences were observed with IHICT trunk extensor strength and CT trunk flexor endurance. And the IHICT was shown significantly improvement knee extensor strength and trunk flexor endurance. The HICT groups result has shown a significant decrease misses and increase strikes, HICT groups were significantly difference with Control group. Conclusion: HICT can significantly increase the amount of muscle mass, however, IHICT to body fat improve is better; Both HICT can significantly enhance the special fitness (grip strength, back strength, aerobic capacity and dynamic balance), muscle strength, muscle endurance: CHICT of ascending (knee flexor, trunk flexor muscle endurance and trunk extensor muscle strength), IHICT to enhance (knee extensor muscle strength and trunk flexor muscle endurance), and CHICT of knee flexor training Better than the knee extensor, whether CHICT or IHICT can improve the efficiency of rolling and reduce the misses to obtain better results. |
