| 摘要: | 本研究旨在探討餐飲業外場從業人員之工作概況、肌肉骨骼傷病及工作能力情形。研究施測工具採用勞動部勞動及職業安全衛生研究所翻譯之「北歐肌肉骨骼傷害症狀調查表」(NMQ)及「工作能力指數量表」(WAI)。研究對象為雙北地區中式餐廳外場人員，共計發出129份問卷，回收後扣除回答不良及無效問卷後，共計有效問卷為99份，有效回收率為76.7%。問卷回收後資料統計分析後之研究結果如下：
1.研究樣本男女比例分別為41.41%及58.59%，年齡分布以40歲以下佔大多數，教育程度多為大專程度並以未婚者居多，工作活動以服務出菜為主，每週工作天數有五成以上超過五天，無運動習慣者有八成以上。
2.在安全衛生相關措施上，安全衛生教育訓練、工作場所危害告知、健康檢查及肌肉骨骼防護器具的使用均有很大的改善空間，尤其未使用肌肉骨骼防護器具者約有九成之多。
3.認為應須優先改善之肌肉骨骼傷害防範措施前三名為「加強雇主及主管的安全衛生認識」、「加強飯店(餐廳)的安全衛生教育訓練」、「明確各級主管的管理責任」。
4.由外場人員之工作姿勢或動作調查結果顯示，超過一半經常有「持托盤與端食材」、「固定使用特定姿勢」、「久站」、「經常低頭」等姿勢或動作。肌肉骨骼傷害部位多為右手或右手腕、腰部或下背、左肩膀、脖子、上背與手肘等身體上半身部位，症狀大多為酸痛，持續時間多為六個月以內，對肌肉骨骼傷病的因應則多為不予以理會或按摩。
5.脖子、左肩膀、右肩膀、上背、腰部或下背、左手肘、右手肘、左臀或左大腿、左膝蓋、右膝蓋等部位的肌肉骨骼傷病有無情形對WAI指數具有顯著差異影響。此外，整體而言傷害部位越多，WAI指數呈現較低的情況。
6.肌肉骨骼傷害症狀的持續時間、生活及工作的影響程度與WAI指數具有顯著的負相關關係，亦即症狀持續時間越長、生活及工作影響程度越顯著，將會呈現工作能力越低的情形。此外，症狀持續時間和生活及工作影響程度呈現顯著正相關關係，顯示肌肉骨骼症狀的持續時間越久，對生活及工作的影響程度越大。
This study aims to investigate the general situation of work, work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs) and work ability for the service employees in Catering. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) and Work Ability Index (WAI) Scale translated by Institute of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health were used as the main research surveying tools. The frontline employees of Catering in Taipei City and New Taipei City were taken as the study subject and 99 valid questionnaires were returned. The effective questionnaire recovery was 76.7%, and the study results are as follows:
1.The proportion of male and female in the study samples was 41.41% and 58.59% respectively. The age distribution was mostly under the age of 40, and the majority of them were unmarried. The education level was mostly in the college degree. The main work activity was supply of food and beverage. More than 50% of those who worked over five days per week. Moreover, there were more than 80% of those who didn’t have sports habits.
2.In terms of safety and health measures, safety and health education and training, workplace hazard notice, health examination and the use of musculoskeletal protective equipment needed a lot of improvement. In particular, about 90% of the respondents did not use musculoskeletal protective equipment
3.The most prior of the first three measures of improvement of musculoskeletal disorders prevention should be "to enhance the safety and health awareness of employers and supervisors", "to strengthen the safety and health education and training" and "to identify the management responsibilities of supervisors".
4.According to the results of the work posture or action survey of frontline employees, more than half of those who often had the posture and action such as "holding tray and food", "specific posture regularly", "standing long time" and "bow often". The musculoskeletal disorders usually occured on the upper body parts such as right hand or right wrist, waist or lower back, left shoulder, neck, upper back and elbow. Moreover, the musculoskeletal symptom was mostly rheumatic pain which lasting less than six months. The response to musculoskeletal disorders was mostly ignorance or massage.
5.The musculoskeletal disorders of neck, left shoulder, right shoulder, upper back, waist or lower back, left elbow, right elbow, left hip or left thigh, left knee, and right knee showed a significant influence to WAI. In addition, the more parts of disorders occurred, the lower WAI showed.
6.The duration of the musculoskeletal symptom and the influence of life and work had a significantly negative correlation with the WAI, which meant the longer duration of symptom and the more impact of life and work, the work ability was poorer. In addition, the duration of the musculoskeletal symptom had a significantly positive correlation with the influence of life and work, it indicated that the longer duration of symptom, the influence of life and work was more. |
