儒學與基督宗教「倫理議題」之對比、共容研究──以《孟子》與《聖經‧新約‧約翰福音》為例

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题名:	儒學與基督宗教「倫理議題」之對比、共容研究──以《孟子》與《聖經‧新約‧約翰福音》為例 Ethical Issues in Confucianism and Christianity: A Comparative Study of Mencius and Gospel of John
作者:	陳恩迪
贡献者:	哲學系
关键词:	《孟子》《約翰福音》儒家基督宗教仁愛倫理救贖
日期:	2017
上传时间:	2017-08-10 11:18:54 (UTC+8)
摘要:	從反對西方與中國文化是「不可同視」的悲觀論點為首，本論文將通過對其主要教義內涵之分析、研究，證明其和解的可能性。本文以儒家《孟子》的仁愛與基督宗教《約翰福音》的博愛為主要論題。是故，論文由兩個主要部分所構築：　　本文首先回顧唐代基督宗教歷史之主要階段（聶斯脫里派　635年迄今），以至明朝利瑪竇與其耶穌會傳教的廣播，進而產生拒絕（儀式爭議　1704-1939）和致命（太平天國之亂　1851-1872）的衝突，以至當今中國學者對西方文化的不諒解；第二部分是試圖透過以下的主要教義來闡述與分析，嘗試克服中國與西方「不可同視」的囹圄，分別為：「形上思想的分說」、「政治思想的差異」、「人性觀的分殊」、「品格教育的關注」、「仁愛與博愛」及「正本清源回應邪說」。在此不僅能發現「和而不同」，亦能鑿掘「相似契合」之處。　　然而，吾人所重視的「儒家之仁」與「基督宗教之愛」的研究顯示，這兩項偉大的人類歷史文化存在著共同開顯的可行性，將是延續世界和平的重要依據。 Against the pessimist view about the “incommensurability” between Western and Chinese culture, this dissertation demonstrates the possibility of reconciliation by means of an analytical study of their main doctrines. Confucianism with the doctrine of benevolence in Mencius and Christianity with the universal love (caritas) in the Gospel of John are chosen as the most important subjects here. For this purpose, the dissertation consists of two main parts: The first part of this study reviews the main stages of the history of the Chinese reception of Christianity from Tang dynasty (Nestorianism, 635-), through the Ming dynasty with a modest success of Matteo Ricci and his Jesuit compagnons, as well as the rejection (the so-called rites controversy, 1704-1939), and deadly conflict (the Boxer Uprising, 1851-1872), as well as Chinese scholars do not understand Western culture. The second part is an attempt to show a possibility of overcoming the incommensurability between the East and the West by means of an analysis of following main doctrines: metaphysical thinking, political thinking, thinking about human nature, morals, education. Here one finds not only differences but also similarity. Our study of the most important concepts of benevolence and love demonstrates the feasibility of a commonality between these two greatest cultures of human history. This will be an important basis for the continuation of world peace.
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