觀諸我國醫師過勞猝死、醫療糾紛事件逐漸增加，在傳統觀念上認為醫師擁有較高社經地位，惟隨著醫療人力的流失、醫師超時、超量工作日益加劇，醫病關係緊張下，已逐漸式微。在使命與嚴峻醫療環境的壓力下，醫師無法獲得充分休息，進而乃是直接影響醫療品質與病患安全。
有鑑於眾多研究予以證實，醫師過勞、睡眠不足等問題將導致醫療疏失的機率增加，據此美國立法限制住院醫師工時，反觀我國雖已於103年將護理人員納入勞動基準法保障，但醫師卻因職業特性以及崇高的使命，而窒礙難行延宕多年未有進展，在社會與民眾要求醫師須有犧牲奉獻之精神與醫療倫理同時，是否已將醫師使命無限上綱而剝奪了其應有之權利？是值得反思與探討之議題。醫生勞務之提供乃建立於與醫院的從屬關係下，而「從屬性」即謂勞動契約之重要特徵，以保障勞動者從屬地位以及維護其工作權與生存權之必要性，故受雇之醫師實為勞工並應受勞動法令之保障。
本研究範圍將以腎臟專科為例，針對醫師勞動權之保障加以論述，惟醫師基於醫療不可中斷之原則勢必有延長工時與待命之責任及需要，直接適用當前勞基法之規範過於僵化，故對目前實務上腎臟專科醫師之工作型態與工作時間進行調查，探討在醫院端、診所端合理責任制之下的工作時數以及休息時間，建構符合職業特殊性需求與合理公平之工時保障制度，以維護醫師之勞動權益與醫療安全。
Since the increasing of physicians’ sudden death from overwork and medical dispute in Taiwan, the tradition idea of physicians who generally have higher socioeconomic status has gradually disappeared. Overtime working, job overloading, and the tension between patients and physicians may result in the loss of medical staff. Moreover, the lack of sleep of medical staff in the high pressure of medical environment may lead to the lower medical quality and have impact on patients’ safety.
Many researches have proven that physicians fatigue and lack of sleep may bring the risk of medical malpractice. Based on this circumstance, in 2003, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) in the United States implemented new policy of limiting work hours to all resident physicians. Although Taiwan medical service institution has been included in the scope of Labor Standard Law, this law did not applicable for doctor. Since the society and public claim that doctor should have the spirit of sacrifice and dedication as well as medical ethics, they also deserve the right of labor protection. Physicians provide labor services is founded on labor subordination, and the subordination is the core of the Labor Contract. As a result, physicians should be considered as laborer and should be applied to the Labor Standards Act in order to promote the physician's rights.
The present study was designed to investigate the protection of the physician's Labor rights by using the example of Division of Nephrology. In order to establish reasonable work hours system for medical staff, this study examined the different work hours among Physicians with different position and division of hospital. The results may provide a reference for improving physicians’ labor right and promoting the quality of medical care.
