| 摘要: | 李紳（772~846），字公垂，郡望趙郡（今屬河北省），祖籍亳州譙縣（今安徽亳州），父輩遷居常州無錫（今江蘇常州）。中唐詩人，所處時代正值藩鎮、朋黨、宦官交相為禍，朝政由盛轉衰之時。李紳早年喪父，其母教以經義，年少在家鄉惠山寺（無錫梅里）求學，後離鄉遊歷，眼見民間實況，而萌生文學應擔負社會責任，故寫新樂府以針砭時弊；其間，結交不少友人，如：元稹（779~831）、白居易（772~846）。三十五歲考取進士後，便步入仕途，卻受牛李黨爭所累而宦海浮沉，後累官至趙國公。另，自編《追昔遊集》留世。現可考李紳詩作147首、文14篇。
李紳的文學成就有三：一，〈古風〉二首（一作〈憫農〉）為詠農詩絕唱。二，因作〈樂府新題〉二十首（已佚）而為新樂府運動之創導。三，〈鶯鶯歌〉與元稹〈鶯鶯傳〉首開中唐「歌傳並行」之風，兩作同為金代董解元（生卒未詳）《西廂記諸宮調》所取材。
本論文共分七章，另有附錄一〜三。各章旨要為：第一章「緒論」，述研究動機與目的、相關研究文獻、研究範圍與方法、章節安排。第二章「李紳之時代背景及其生平事略」，言李紳所處之中唐環境及其生平事略、著作、儒佛道思想、交遊友人。第三章「李紳與中唐新樂府運動之關係」，論李紳作〈樂府新題〉二十首（已佚）前之歷朝樂府流變，再云李紳因此作而為新樂府運動之創導，後影響中唐新樂府運動之開展。第四章「李紳詩歌之題材」，分紀遊、感懷、佛道、酬贈、紀實、敘事等六類。第五章「李紳詩歌之寫作技巧」，如擅寫組詩、詩序及自注補詩作所敘不足、尤工七律、用韻多一韻到底且多平聲韻、多以寬韻作詩、修辭以對偶和用典為多。第六章「李紳詩歌之特色、影響及評價」，分析李紳詩歌呈顯之特色，除前項所述，尚有通俗典雅兼具、音律嫺熟；其影響中唐新樂府運動、補充與佐證史料、〈鶯鶯歌〉與〈鶯鶯傳〉之傳承，再敘唐代及其後諸家對李紳詩歌之品評。第七章「結論」，對前文各章所述進行總結，從而歸納李紳詩歌之研究要點，予以李紳詩作全面且客觀的定位。附錄一〜三，李紳詩歌之「體裁與格律表」、「編年作品表」與李紳相關之「石像、詩集書影、碑銘」。
Li Shen(772~846) , courtesy name Gongchui (公垂), who claimed ancestry from a prominent clan of Zhao Commandery(趙郡, in modern Hebei), came from Bozhou (亳州, in modern Anhui), then moved to Changzhou (常州, in modern Jiangsu). A mid-Tang (中唐) poet, Li Shen lived in the times when “defense commands” (藩鎮), Niu-Li Factional Fight (牛李黨爭), and eunuchs in turn caused disorder, and when the political situation was starting to get worse. He lost his father as a child, and was raised and taught by his mother. He studied in Changzhou as a teenager, then traveled nationwide as an adult. During the trip nationwide, he wrote poems reflecting on the society. At the age of 35, he obtained the Jinshi (進士) degree and later was dubbed Duke Wensu of Zhao (趙文肅公). There is Collected Works of Reminiscence (追昔遊集) compiled by Li Shen himself for us to read nowadays. There are 147 poems and 14 pieces of prose available.
There were three achievements Li Shen made in literature：First, the poems Pity the Peasants (Ancient Air)(〈憫農〉). Second, twenty “newly titled” yueh-fu (〈樂府新題〉). Li Shen was one of the initiators of the new yueh-fu movement (新樂府運動). Third, Dong Jieyuan's (董解元) version of the Story of the Western Wing (西廂記諸宮調) in the Jin dynasty was based on both Li Shen’s Song of Ying-ying (鶯鶯歌) and Yuan Zhen’s (元稹, 779~831) The Story of Ying-ying (鶯鶯傳).
This thesis consists of seven chapters and appendix Ⅰ-Ⅲ. The first chapter “Introduction” deals with the main objectives of the author, methodology, literature on Li Shen’s poetry and the scope of the thesis. The second chapter “The life and times of Li Shen” covers a lot of topics on Li Shen’s background. The third chapter “The connections between Li Shen and the new yueh-fu movement in the mid-Tang period” traces the history of yueh-fu and talks about the role Li Shen played in the new yueh-fu movement. The fourth chapter “The topics of Li Shen’s poetry” sorts Li Shen’s poetry into six groups. The fifth chapter “The writing skills of Li Shen’s poetry” talks about the skills such as Qilu (七律)(an eight-line poem with seven characters to a line and a strict tonal pattern and rhyme scheme). The sixth chapter “The characteristics, influences, and evaluation of Li Shen’s poetry” talks about the appraisals of Li Shen’s poetry done by his contemporary and later critics. The seventh chapter “Conclusion” is divided in two parts：the summary and prospects. The appendices contains tables about Li Shen’s poetry etc. |
