| 摘要: | 本研究目的是在探討台灣滑板文化(Skateboarding Culture)與滑板運動在平面新聞媒體中的「再現(Representation)」，新聞平面媒體在產製新聞的同時，也在無形中影響閱聽人對外在事物的認知與刻板印象，而新聞媒體在諸多議題上為了吸引閱聽人的目光與點擊率，時常刻意操作與形塑某議題事件的形象，並透過本研究了解平面媒體新聞報導中再現的滑板運動及文化是如何被建構？而在平面媒體的報導中，又運用了什麼樣的價值觀、意識形態或是刻板印象?及其中又具有哪些意涵？
本研究採用質性的「論述分析」與「框架分析」方法對蘋果日報、自由時報、TVBS新聞、聯合報等四大新聞平面媒體，過去十年內所刊登關於滑板運動的相關報導中挑選出十七篇具代表性的新聞報導進行文本及論述分析，同時探討媒體透過何種框架與論述建構台灣的滑板運動與文化。
研究發現台灣在各式文化與運動發展上雖相當多元，但卻依舊擁有華人社會中的保守風氣，除了主流社會的價值觀外，還受到政策與新聞媒體報導的不平等對待，對於保守風氣的台灣社會來說，滑板這種不受特定規則與腳本所約束的運動，滑板運動的色彩在街上顯得格外鮮明，也容易較引起民眾的側目及批評。此外，新聞記者在看待與報導滑板主題的新聞故事時會依照題材取向的不同而對「滑板」與「滑板行為者」兩者採用不同的框架再現，如在正面框架底下的報導中「滑板」本身所具有的危險性多會被記者所忽略；而在負面框架的報導底下「滑板」則會被平面媒體描繪成是種極具危險且非法性的活動。這兩種報導類型的差異除了容易造成一般民眾對於「滑板」認知的誤解，也容易間接影響此運動與文化在台灣本土的發展。
This study aims to explore the representation of skateboarding and its culture in Taiwan on print media. In producing news, news print media simultaneously influence audiences’ cognition and stereotypes of outward things imperceptibly. In addition, to attract audiences’ attention and the click-through rate, news media tend to deliberately manipulate and shape image of certain issues and incidents. Through this study, how the representation of skateboarding and its culture is constructed within the news coverage of print media can be understood. Furthermore, within the coverage of print media, what kind of values, ideology or stereotypes are adopted? In addition, what are the underlying connotations?
This study adopted qualitative approach including “discourse analysis” and “frame analysis”. Textual analysis and discourse analysis were administered to seventeen representative news coverages selected from related reportages regarding skateboarding within a decade from four mainstream news print media including Apple Daily, Liberty Times, TVBS News and United Daily News. Simultaneously, the types of frames and discourses that the media adopted to the construction of skateboarding and its culture in Taiwan were explored and discussed.
Research reveals while there is diverse development of various cultures and exercises in Taiwan, conservative culture inherited from Chinese society still prevails.In addition to the influence of value systems emphasized in mainstream society, skateboarding still fails to receive equivalent treatment from policies and the coverage of news media. For the Taiwanese society, in which conservative culture is prevailing, skateboarding, as a sport unbinding from specific rules and the constraints of script, demonstrates a sharp image on street, easily inviting side-glances and criticisms from the mass. In addition, in regarding and reporting the skateboarding-themed news stories, journalists represent “skateboard” and “skateboarder” with different frames according to the difference of the orientation of material. For instance, in the coverage within positive frame, the danger of “skateboarding” is ignored by journalists; on the other hand, in the coverage within negative frame, “skateboarding” is described as an extremely dangerous and illegal activity by print media. These two types of reportages tend to give rise to popular misconception of “skateboarding”; additionally, it easily exerts an indirect effect on the local development of this sport and its culture in Taiwan. |
