農村景觀是由農田、房舍、小路、林地、池塘等要素所組成。這些景觀要素按其形狀和作用可分爲嵌塊體(Patch)、廊道(Corridor)和基質(Matrix)三種基本類型。景觀生態主要爲研究這些景觀要素空間結構、功能、組成要素、特徵指標與相互間的關係。地區內生物之群落與環境之關係，可從這些結構要素與特徵指標所解釋。完整之時空間景觀生態資料能減少景觀生態規劃與設計之風險與降低其未確定性。
本研究以景觀生態學之理論結合地理資訊系統，探討桃園蘆竹地區之水稻田、早作與廢耕地之景觀生態空間結構。首先以地理資訊系統建立景觀生態資料庫，並從資料庫中求取景觀結構的基本參數，並以敘述統計與單因子變異數分析，評估此地區之農田景觀生態之結構變化。結果顯示，蘆竹鄉由一河川廊道（南崁溪）將其農田景觀生態結構分爲南北兩區，南崁溪以北之基質爲旱作，以南則爲水稻田。且本地區水稻田之景觀受人爲干擾較大於旱田與廢耕地景觀。
Farm, cottage, road, forest, and ponds and so on elements compose rural landscape. These elements can be defined as patch, corridor and matrix. The main objective of landscape ecological study is to identify the spatial structures, functions, characteristics, and relations between landscape elements. The relationships between the ecological groups and environment can be explained by the above elements. Therefore, complete spatiotemporal landscape ecological data and analysis may reduce the risk and uncertainty of landscape planning and design.
This research is to analyze the landscape structure of paddy, nonirrigated farmland, and wasted farmland over Luchu Area by using landscape ecology theorem and geographic information system (GIS). The landscape ecological database and parameters are established and calculated by GIS. These parameters are also summarized and tested by descriptive statistics and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results show that a corridor (Nakan River) cuts the farm landscape over this study area into south and north parts. The matrix of south part is paddy. On the other side, the matrix is nonirrigated farmland over north part. There are more human activities on paddy landscape than nonirrigated farmland and wasted farmland landscape.
