人口分布往往與國家發展的狀況有極大關聯性，台灣地區近年來人口總數變化已經趨緩，但人口分布仍然向北有集中情形，全台北中南東四區也呈現不同的趨勢，而經濟成長也同時對。本研究以空間Gini係數與Moran指數評估1992至2012年各區人口數與人口密度變化情形，並探討與經濟成長之關聯性。整體而言，台灣地區總人口數並無明顯增加，但人口分布仍往北部集中；以空間Gini係數分析，除北區外，人口密度與人口數上，Gini係數皆於人均GPD成長率呈現正相關，北區為人口密度Gini係數與GDP成長率呈現負相關；Moran指數方面，北區與東區人口密度，人口數Moran指數與GDP成長率呈現負相關，其他呈現正相關。結果顯示，北區人口已經朝向擴張發展，人口密度集中特性明顯；中區為典型人口數與人口密度的分布特徵相同；南區則為人口數集中但人口密度與GDP成長率較不明顯，東部則為人口數減少且朝向非核心區域發展。台灣地區不同人口的發展特性，將使未來的空間治理方式產生差異，也使得區域均勻發展產生更大阻力，在未來因應上需進一步關注的議題。
The population distribution is important for development of countries. Even the population of Taiwan increase slowly, the concentration of population is in the north of Taiwan and the situation is still ongoing. Gini coefficient and Moran index are used for analysis of the space distribution of population and density of population to show the spatial properties in this study. The relations between gross domestic product and spatial properties of population are discussed from 1992 to 2012. In the results, the population is continued forced on the north of Taiwan. Except for the north of Taiwan, the positive relations are exist between Gini coefficient of population and the rate of growth of gross domestic product. The negative relation is shown in the north of Taiwan with population density. The relations between Moran index of population and the rate of growth of gross domestic product are shown negative in the north and the east of Taiwan; others are shown positive. The population density in the north of Taiwan is show sprawl. The central of Taiwan is shown typical development with concentrated population and its density, which increased with gross domestic product. Only population relations with gross domestic product, and population density dose not. Population and population are shown different trends in the east of Taiwan. Therefore, different properties of population in space and of changing of growth of gross domestic product exit in Taiwan and different policies should be made with spatial difference in future.
