| 摘要: | 1858年清廷簽訂《天津條約》，北台灣的淡水被迫開港。此舉使淡水因商業貿易之利逐漸成為北台灣最繁盛的地區。除了政治因素外，也因為當時洋行貿易的興起以及汽船運輸的盛行，帶給淡水聚落西側尚未開發的烽火段地區轉變的契機。洋行碼頭以及建築先後進駐烽火段地區且成為淡水聚落發展的重心，相較於開港前烽火地區的荒蕪景象，政治與經濟影響下促成了烽火段在空間機能上的變遷。
1895年台灣地區因清廷在甲午戰爭的失敗被迫簽下《馬關條約》且割給日本，台灣自此為日本的領土。日治時期淡水由於自然因素的影響導致港口機能不若以往，總督府急欲建造基隆港來取代淡水。在政策面上總督府以指定航路、專賣政策等迫使昔日洋商在台無法獲利如昔，接著總督府又藉由更改土地政策使得洋商無法如前清時期恣意擁有以及買賣土地。在諸多不利己的政策頒布下，許多洋商於日治前期放棄了對台灣市場的經營。此方面的衝擊也明顯的顯現在烽火段的發展上，洋商的退出以及總督府在此地頻繁的進行興建廳舍工程正好象徵了日治時期西方勢力的退卻。將烽火段做為政務空間使用帶來了另一波的空間機能變遷，日治中後期郡役所、警察署、消防組以及登記所等機關的設置使得烽火段的政務機能更為完備。
二戰後台灣回歸中華民國，淡水為因應安置軍眷的需求而建立許多眷村。烽火地區因鄰近海軍基地故因此成為軍眷的落腳空間。1970年代台灣鄉土運動興起，影響後續文資法的催生。近年來，政府政策致力將淡水烽火段打造為藝術村落，並結合古蹟修復再利用，以充沛淡水的觀光資源。
綜上分析可知，在不同的時代背景及統治政權對於政治、經濟及文化上的介入，皆會直接影響聚落在空間上的轉化與變遷並被賦與不同的空間機能。烽火段空間由清末國際貿易結點轉化為日治時期地方行政中心至今日以古蹟再利用空間為主使用是為一明證。
Having been regulated by the Tientsin treaty in 1858, the Qing dynasty was forced to set up the concession in Tamsui district. Having been taken the advantage of the opening of the treaty port, the Tamsui area gradually became the most prosperous district in Northern Taiwan. Apart from the political incentive, the popularity of the hong-trading model and the steamboat transportation at the time did bring the economic incentives for the development of the Feng-huo port in the west part of the Tamsui district. Compared with the previous desolate scenery, the harbor area transforms into the well-off panorama after the all new harbor and buildings appeared in the area. The result of the transformation was profoundly influenced by the political and economic motives.
In 1895, Taiwan and the Pescadores was ceded to Japan after the defeat of the Qing dynasty and the initiation of the Shimonoseki Treaty. The Taiwanese territory was included into the jurisdiction of Japan. Owing to the natural causes, the Tamsui concession in course of time failed to function as usual during the Japanese occupation era. The Japanese administration was anxious to construct the newly Keelung port to replace the gradual-declined Tamsui port. In policy, the Japanese authority issued the regulations of the designated shipping route, the monopoly trading right, etc., in order to decrease the profit obtained by the foreign firms in Taiwan. Moreover, the government change the land policy. As a result, the foreign companies cannot own and sell the property as usual.
Being affected by the disadvantaged policies, many foreign firms renounced their business operations in the Taiwanese market. The impact reflected directly in the development of the Feng-huo port section. The withdrawal of the foreign companies and the erection of new governmental buildings symbolized the retreat of the western power during the Japanese occupation period. The Feng-huo port section was employed by the authority as the region of the legal affairs where many official institutions, such as the police station, the firefighting agency, the registration office, etc., were established.
After World War II, Taiwan returned to the jurisdiction of the Republic of China. In order to provide the residences for the soldiers and their family from the mainland China, many military dependents’ villages were set up in Tamsui area. Being adjacent to the navy base, the Feng-huo port section was chosen by the Chinese government as the ideal place for setting up the military dependents’ villages. Influenced by the rise of the Taiwanese Provincialism in 1970, the initiation of the Cultural Heritage Protection Act became possible. For the purpose of Tamsui tourism, the policy of the government in recent years is trying to turn the Feng-huo port area into an artistic village by cooperating with the revitalization reality of the cultural heritage within the region.
In sum, the imposition of the political, economic, and cultural variation in different period of time to the particular area do cause directly the tremendous impacts and eventually the transformation of the function of the place. Being converted from the trading center in Qing era, through the local administrative center in Japanese occupation period, to the revitalization reality of the cultural heritage in Republican age, the transformation of the spatial function of the Feng-huo section in question was proved to be the case. |
