| 摘要: | 國內旅遊人口屢創新高，統計2014年來臺旅客總計為9,910,204人次；其中以觀光為目的佔旅客總量的72.57％，顯見來臺旅客的主要目的以觀光需求為主(行政院，觀光統計年報)。針對來臺觀光之旅客，許多旅行業者相繼開幕，對於人才的需求及培訓，也無形間考驗著各旅行業者人才培訓的能力。然而根據教育部統計資料顯示，2011年畢業於高級職業學校餐旅相關科系之人數為26,017人，其直接就業率僅24.69％(教育統計簡訊第10號)，凸顯技職教育已出現質變，國內基層勞動人才恐將陷入斷層。
本研究問題是探討高職觀光科應屆畢業生對於觀光產業的認知是否會影響其就業傾向，經由間接文獻之引用及邏輯之推理，發現兩者之關係有必要進一步釐清。本研究是透過紙本問卷 (questionnaires survey)以人工發放的方式，請就讀於高中職業學校觀光科3年級的學生填寫。總計分發6所高中職業學校，共500份問卷，請3年級觀光科學生對於觀光產業認知與就業傾向，進行填答。總計回收483份問卷，去除無效問卷及沒填寫完成者共87份，有效問卷共計為396份，回收率為79.2%。
本研究結果發現，觀光產業認知三構面「工作本質」、「社經地位」、「產業適配性」等對受測者未來就業傾向均有顯著影響效果，且以觀光產業中「工作本質」認知影響效果最為顯著。此外，在樣本特性上，不論是受試者本身具有觀光相關工作經驗與否、親友從事觀光產業相關工作與否及個人持有觀光相關證照數目等，均對受測者的觀光產業認知及就業傾向有著顯著且不同的影響效果。研究結果亦發現，觀光產業認知之工作本質構面，會較社經地位及產業適配性等構面，更能提高學生在畢業後的就業傾向。觀光產業認知構面與就業傾向之相關分析，則發現以產業適配性認知與就業傾向相關係數較大。
本研究希望提供給有設立觀光科之高中技職學校在設定科別政策、確立課程目標及排定課程內容上之參考；另外針對就讀觀光科之學生，能夠在一次自我檢視，以瞭解產業特性確立未來就業傾向，避免教育資源的浪費。
The deomestic traveling population creates repeatedly, in 2014, the total visitors in Taiwan is 9,910,204 ; there is 72.57% of total visitors which is for tourism , the main purpose of visitors in Taiwan are traveling (Executive Yuan, Tourism Statistical Yearbook) . There are many travel agencies have opened one after another in Taiwan, not only demand for their service and training, but also compare the various capacity. However demonstrated according to the Ministry of Education statistical data that, 102 years graduate in the high-quality vocational school meal travel correlation branch are the population are 26017 people. However, according to Ministry of Education statistics show that 102 persons graduated from the relevant departments of the hospitality of 26,017 senior vocational schools, their direct employment rate of only 24.69% (No. 10 statistical newsletter education), highlighting the technical and vocational education qualitative change has occurred, domestic grassroots labor personnel fear will fall into the fault.
The study showed the investigation problem of Vocational Tourism Division graduates cognitive tourism industry will affect their employment tendency, references and logic of reasoning via indirect literature, the discovery of the relationship between the need to further clarify. This study was through paper questionnaires (questionnaires survey) issued manually, please enrolled in high school vocational school Tourism Division 3 grade students to fill out. Total distribution six high schools vocational schools, a total of 500 questionnaires, please grades 3 Things cognitive science students for the tourism industry and employment tendency, were Tianda. Total 483 questionnaires were recovered, removing ineffective and did not fill out the questionnaire completed by a total of 87, for a total of 396 valid questionnaires, the recovery rate was 79.2%.
The findings discovered that, the sightseeing industry cognition three constrution surface “the work essence”, “ society after the status”, “ industrial adaptive” and so on to will recive the measuring future employment tendency to have the remarkable influence effect, also will go sightseeing in the industry “the work essence” the cognition influence effect to be most remarkable. In addition, in sample characteristic, no matter is hard trying itself the sightseeing correlation work experience or not, the relatives and friends is engaged in the sightseeing industry correlation work or not and has personally the sightseeing correlation card according to the number and so on, to rexeives the measuring sightseeing industry cognition and the employment tendency has remarkable also the different influence effect.
This study provides the hope to have a high school technical and vocational schools set up Tourism Division of the divisions in setting policy, establishing curriculum goals and curriculum content reference on the schedule; another for students enrolled Tourism Division of the possible in a self-review, in order to understand the characteristics of the industry establishing future employment tends to avoid waste of educational resources. |
