一般護理之家以居住無法自行避難的高齡者為主，火災發生時需仰賴照護人員進行輔助避難， 因此輔助避難的移動速度成為人員能否於火災初期順利避難之關鍵。既往文獻對各種輔助避難器具 的移動速度進行過許多探討，但考量實際火災產生之煙將會影響可視度，而可視度為影響避難安全 的重要因素之一，因此本研究擬運用煙霧機進行全尺寸實驗，探討可視度對於輔助避難速度之影響， 並研擬離室避難計算方法。最後配合火災動態模擬軟體分析單元居室的可視度變化，探討基本單元 居室的可視度變化與避難所需時間之關係，期能以工學的分析手法提供相關機構於設計時之參考， 以建立安全的照護環境。 本研究的主要目的如下： 1. 彙整一般護理之家的輔助避難方式及輔助避難速度。 2. 進行全尺寸實驗，分析可視度對各種輔助避難器具移動速度之影響。 3. 提出考量可視度影響下的輔助避難速度之參考數值，未來可供設計者於計算時之參考依據。 4. 運用火災動態模擬軟體分析單元居室可視度之變化，探討單元居室的可視度變化與避難所需時間 之關係。 5. 以「火災居室離室避難；非火災居室初期就地避難」的概念為目標，提出離室避難所需時間之計 算方法，未來可供相關機構於設計時之參考，亦可供相關主管機關修訂法規時之參考依據。
Nursing homes serve primarily as residences for senior citizens who are not able to remove themselves in disasters, but are highly reliant on the assistance of healthcare providers. Therefore, the strategy-”Evacuation in the fire rooms and taking emergency shelter in non-fire rooms” hs been suggested in past research in horizontal evacuation of nursing homes. Speed is critical in evacuation, and there have been numerous studies of evacuation equipment. However, in reality, the density of smoke affects visibility, and is one of the crucial factors in evacuation. To better understand the impact of visibility on evacuation speed, we utilized a smoke generator in combination with different evacuation equipment to assess the impact of visibility in a full-scale experiment. Fire simulated software was applied in the experiment to determine the time allowed for evacuation in each unit and to create an improvement plan to establish a safe healthcare environment. The purpose of this research: 1. Report on evacuation measures and the speed of evacuation in related institutions. 2. Perform full-scale experiments to understand the impact of smoke on evacuation speed. 3. Analyze the impact of visibility on horizontal evacuation speed using different equipment and assess the allowed time of evacuation in each unit. 4. Calculated the allowed time of evacuation through fire-simulating software to create an improvement plan for both software and hardware design. 5. Identify the quantitative values of the speed of horizontal movement in evacuation equipment for future reference.
