| 摘要: | 文化資產不僅反映了先人的生活方式，也是歷史發展的見證，更是國家發揮軟實力的重要能源。 因此，文化資產的保存與維護是現今各國皆極重視的課題。 台灣隨著經濟的發展、教育與資訊的普及, 讓國人意識到文化資產保存的重要性， 催生出『文化資產保存法』。 韓國更是在經濟發展與文化提升並重的政策下, 積極推動文化財保護、古蹟活化、文化觀光等工作, 世界文化遺產申登也交出亮眼的成績單, 甚至讓韓國成為文創大國, 大大提高了國家形象與實力。
台、韓兩個歷史、文化背景都很類似的國家，為什麼韓國在短短時間內能有如此成就﹖有學者指出，長久以來台灣的古蹟維護一直處於自我體系之中，既少與外國評比，更不受世界各種保存公約的規範，乃至出現許多較具爭議的分類、指定與修護，以及脆弱的管理體系，因此，本文藉由探討韓國對文化財的分類方式，來了解韓國和台灣的分類方式有何不同﹖彼此的優缺點在哪﹖並分析韓國現行管理制度，對照台灣對文化資產的管理模式，了解台、韓在文化資產管理上的差異及問題點之外，也針對問題點提供建言，以期能成為我國日後再修定相關辦法之參。惟因文化資產涉及的範圍甚廣，難以一一論述，本文分析台、韓文化資產的管理制度與相關法規劃、考察對象，設限以台灣文化資產局與韓國文化財廳所列管的文化資產為主。
Cultural heritage not only reflects the lifestyle of ancestors, but also witnesses the historical development, which is even the important energy for a country to exert the soft power. Thus, the conservation and maintenance of cultural heritage is an issue valued by various countries nowadays. With the development of economy and popularization of education and information in Taiwan, the Taiwanese have realized the importance of cultural heritage conservation, giving rise to the “Cultural Heritage Conservation Law”. Under the policy of laying equal stress on both economic development and cultural elevation, South Korea positively promotes the conservation of cultural heritage, historical sites and cultural tourism. Moreover, it has done excellent performance in applying for world cultural heritage, making South Korea become a nation of cultural creativity and improve nation image and power.
Taiwan and South Korea are similar in terms of the history and cultural background, but why could South Korea make such achievement in a short time? Some scholars point out that the maintenance of historical sites in Taiwan is still in its own system for a long time, which is seldom compared with foreign countries and not restricted by various kinds of conservation treaties in the world. Consequently, it results in many controversial ways in classification, assignation, maintenance and weak management system. Thus, by exploring the classification ways of cultural heritage of South Korea, this study attempts to understand the difference of classification ways between Taiwan and South Korea, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. In addition, this study analyzes the current management system of South Korea and finds out the difference and problems of cultural heritage management system between Taiwan and South Korea by comparing the cultural heritage management system of Taiwan. Moreover, some suggestions are proposed for reference in revising the related regulations of Taiwan in the future. As the involved scope of cultural heritage is quite extensive, the study only analyzes the management system and the related law planning of cultural heritage in Taiwan and South Korea, and the study subjects are mainly the cultural heritage listed and managed by Taiwan Cultural Heritage Bureau and South Korea Cultural Property Hall. |
