| 摘要: | 多媒體應用已廣泛的應用在各個行業中，尤其在教育領域中，發展符合學習者之教材在設計範疇中被視為追求更臻完美的目標。研究領域提出許多媒體相關性研究，探討發生在學習者當中所能接受的資訊量與呈現模式，因而蘊育眾多的相關認知理論，支持開發教材當中，輔助學習的相關的規範與原理，同時幫助設計者避免產生，對於學習者形成認知過程的錯誤，降低學習成效，無法達到多媒體教材發展的初衷。
多媒體與認知理論相關研究文獻當中，常運用前學者、專家開發量化量表，幫助研究者分析學習者對於教材的反應與回饋資料，而受限於量化的限制，對於學習者關注的議題與反應，以微觀的角度探討問題，也表達部份真實的資訊。對於多媒體教材與學習者認知過程之間發生整體問題關聯性，尚待尋求更進一步的理論與探討。而綜合分析(Meta-Synthesis)研究方法符合上述要求，將眾文獻中跨領域所探討的問題，經過三階段推理性的解釋而反覆挑選，加以分類、編碼、往復式的交叉比對分析，建立關聯性後，而綜合形成理論，以巨觀的角度探討研究理論，更能表達學習者豐富的反饋與感受。
多媒體教材在學習者認知過程，實現個人化的學習目標，最終達到自主學習的理想。對學習者提供適性數位學習環境，以及對於使用者經驗與態度的理解，已成為自主學習能否成功主要因素。從學習者的認知心理所提出的運用媒體、多媒體過度導致混淆與壓力、認知行為治療與學習效益等觀念出發，對自主學習與輔助認知亦具有影響力。有助於雙文化或雙語言教學的跨場域文化的運用，間接地影響自主學習的意願。刺激策略中的誘發長期記憶、溝通策略，以及運用多媒體助於認知，同時，學習者的策略運用將有助於輔助與加強認知心理的關聯影響。
綜觀國內外相關文獻以認知相關理論視野的多媒體設計原則探討議題，大多以實驗法數據分析，量化統計研究支持以上學者提出的原則，較少以質性研究解釋多媒體與認知過程的現象，因此，本研究將以質性研究綜合分析(Meta-Synthesis)方法，研究相關主題的文獻的特徵與交互的關係。
Multimedia has been widely applied in many fields. Especially in the field of education, developing materials which are learner-friendly is a goal to be perfected in the design of multimedia applications. Multimedia-related research have been studied the acceptable amount of information and the styles of presentation among learners. Many related cognitive theories have therefore been developed to support related rules and principles which occur among learners during materials development, in order to help the designer avoid producing multimedia materials which may cause the learner to develop cognitive errors, and in turn reduces the effectiveness of learning, and fails to achieve the original intent of multimedia materials development.
Studies related to multimedia materials development often utilize quantitative scales developed formerly by scholars and experts in order to help the researchers analyze the responses and feedback from the learner regarding the materials. However, limited by its quantitative nature, the use of quantitative tools only investigates issues and responses from the learners in a microscopic perspective. Although the information so obtained is true, it is partial and incomplete. In regard to the integrative correlation between multimedia materials and the cognitive process of the learner, theories are yet to be developed. For this purpose, qualitative meta-synthesis is a research method which fulfills the aforementioned requirements. It brings together issues across disciplines in various documents. Through the process of three-phase inferential interpretation, it selects, categorizes, codes, and iteratively compares and analyzes the data in order to build correlations and develop them into theory. This is theory development in a macroscopic perspective, capable of expressing the richness of the feedback and responses from the learners.
Through the process of cognition using the multimedia training material, the learner may ultimately achieve the destiny of personalized- and self-learning. Whether appropriate digital learning environment and the understanding the user’s experience and attitude have become the primary successful factors for the learner. From the learner’s perspective of cognitive psychology utilizing media through excessive multi-media usage causing stress and confusion, cognitive behavior therapy and effectiveness of learning could also have influence on the self-learning initiation and self-support cognition. Through the use of bi-cultural and bilingual teaching, it may indirectly impact the initiation of self-learning. By stimulating the long-term memory, communication strategy, the use of multi-media would assist recognition, and the how the learner tactically use those strategies would support the cognition and strengthen those impacts on relational cognitions.
In searching both domestic and international related literatures, most of multi-media design principle related topics were mostly done by numerical experimental analysis. Because using quantitative and statistical research to support scholars’ proposed principles, and less qualitative research analysis to explain the phenomenon of multi-media and process of cognition, thus this research will be using qualitative meta-synthesis research method to study related topics’ characteristics and inter-crossing relationship. |
