摘要: | 近年來,由於新型傳染病所擴散的速度及造成的傷害遠比傳統疾病來得快且猛型,台灣本土對於疾病擴散的也更為重視,包括SARS、H5N1及H5N2禽流感等都曾經引起台灣社會的不小恐慌。在重大傳染病散佈的過程中,媒體對於訊息的建構與傳播所造成事件的報導方向及角度均可能產生重大的影響。即使新聞呈現各式各樣的內容,但仍然有許多框架存在其中。雖然每天新聞層出不窮,但是框架是媒體與新聞工作者既有的。面對災難事件的發生及報導,其報導方式或內容可能已經存在固定的框架。
因此,本研究將以H7N9禽流感為例,持續探討新聞媒體對於疾病傳染時之框架,並以自由時報、中國時報及蘋果時報為分析資料進行內容分析之討論。分別取得2013年4月至2014年4月有關H7N9禽流感相關之新聞內容。並建立類目後進行資料分類做為分析之來源,以報紙中「則」為編碼單位,進行分析了解各項框架存在之現況。。
研究結果發現,由境外傳入台灣的第一例H7N9為報導數量最多之時期從內容來觀察新聞稿之內容呈現與其它各報之差異,在消息來源上新聞稿多是提供中國疫情狀況或是國內疫情的發展,同時相當強調呼籲國人的防疫動作。此次的資訊來源以政府的資訊為主,其次來自醫療單位、學者、研究報告結果,但來自社會大眾的相關意見則是相當的稀少。另外,蘋果日報、中國時報及自由時報在呈現風格或是方向上有所不同,對於議題的偏好也會有所差異。由此可以發現,各報著重不同媒體功能,自由時報對於收集不同來源資訊有較佳的表現,中國時報持續以國際新聞方式提供國際的疫情發展,使閱聽人能接受到正確的疫情消息。蘋果日報的報導對於民眾的關心議題,有特別的關注報導。
In recent years, several new infectious diseases like SARS, H5N1 and H5N2 have caused great damages and social panics all over the world. During those tough times, media played a significant role of constructing the message and communicating to public, also their point of view may affect audiences seriously. Although the everyday news delivers various kinds of information, all of them do carry framing inevitably. In other words, when media report the disease and injury, their way of reporting and the news information already fall into the fixed framing.
Therefore, this research aims to discuss the media framing on H7N9 influenza reporting and analyzed the press content of three main newspapers in Taiwan, Liberty Times, China Times and Apple Daily from April 2013 to April 2014.
According to the results, the first H7N9 case in Taiwan had the largest number of reporting. The news resources are rarely from the public, instead mainly from the government, medical institutes, experts and research reports, and the news content are relating to the outbreak of H7N9 in Chines and Taiwan and the importance of epidemic prevention. The three newspapers have different agenda settings and ways of reporting. For example, the Liberty Times is good at collecting information from various sources, China Times focus on reporting the latest epidemic of H7N9 situation all over the world, and Apple Daily reflects the issues that public concerned. |