| 摘要: | 人們運用我們的五官-眼、耳、鼻、舌、身-來感知我們所在的環境，其中視覺為最主要感知環境的途徑，而視覺的認知與體驗，來自於過往經驗所形成。在科學進步的軟硬體支援的時代，目前應用了許多方法模擬真實環境，例如手做實體模型、Photoshop合成、電腦建模等手法於景觀規畫與設計，但景觀規劃與設計有別於建築設計，在空間尺度的限制，無法類似建築設計之樣品屋一般實際呈現，因此本研究試圖從人的心理、景觀設計工作者之空間模擬手法，試圖尋找讓大眾容易理解的方式，來傳遞設計構想。過去景觀工作者於每次的方案中，透過平面圖、剖立面、手繪透視等方式傳達設計構想，然而這些項目所需的時間與成效並不對等，且未經專業訓練的人，很難讀懂這些圖；隨著時代的進步，透過影像合成、3D電腦模擬至3D動畫等來呈現，透過這些工具的活用，能讓空間設計概念傳達於社會大眾。根據目前的成像技術，普遍認為3D影像比2D影像更容易讓人理解空間；然而在景觀建築的合成影像中，哪一種與體驗過的真實環境較為相近，仍需加以探討，因此產生本次研究的動機。
本研究將以兩次偏好問卷，探討2D與3D影像及只用平面影像(2D)呈現，何種表現法較能使大眾容易理解並傳遞設計構想及空間影像。研究基地以中國文化大學主要人行動線為研究範圍。第一階段藉由傳統2D及3D攝影，將影像以投影方式讓受測者受測。取樣皆以中國文化大學的教職員生為主，站在熟悉真實空間環境的前提下，首先先以2D攝影的影像來進行，相隔14天之後再以3D影像做測驗；第二階段則由前述研究中，抽取12處場景做記憶中之空間場域以手繪線稿、彩繪及電腦模擬等景觀表現法做測驗。研究結果顯示，景觀偏好數據統計分析及影像組成因子之面積計算，得出2D影像偏好與植栽、天空及活動之面積呈現正相關，與鋪面及公共設施之面積呈現負相關；無論專業與非專業使用者，在手繪線稿、彩繪及電腦模擬三種景觀表現法類別的偏好趨向上，都呈現彩繪線稿大於手繪線稿大於電腦模擬的相同趨勢。相較於手繪風格之線稿、彩繪與電腦模擬，手繪風格之圖像皆高於電腦模擬之表現手法，由此得之，電腦模擬普遍無法滿足受測者對於忠實呈現記憶中空間場域的需求。
本研究期望透過探討2D與3D成像在景觀專業領域之實用性與應用，及其與照片組成因子之間的相關性，透過2D美質評估分析環境，嘗試以3D為測試，希望能夠了解人們於景觀中影響偏好之因子及提升美值評價；卻發現在3D影像尚未成熟的階段，3D影像之偏好並不會高於2D影像。未來在做空間呈現上，以多張2D影像呈現，可為較佳之選擇。對未來模擬實際景觀的方式，何種較能使人容易理解設計空間，仍需做更深入的調查。
People use their five senses – eyes, nose, ear, mouth and body - to perceive the environment where they are. Among this, visual is the most of important way to perceive the environment. And the visual of cognition and experience, was formed from past experiences.
In the times, number of methods can used to simulate the real environment in these days, like paper models, image synthesizing by Photoshop, model….etc. Especially the limit on landscape planning, design and space scale, we can not express design like house sample. So in this case, we want to find a simulate way to deliver landscape designer’s ideas for people that they can understand easily.
According to current imaging technology, people considered 3D images are easier to understand space than 2D images in general. But during the composite image in landscape or landscape architecture, which one can more similar with real experienced environment still need to be explored. So I generated the motivation.
In this case study, we discuss on three kinds of showing way - images, three-dimensional images and drawing pictures. Which can let people more easier to realize and feel the space.
The test of first time, we comparing the preferences of 2D and 3D images, and relationship between its composition. Hoping to know which factors affect the preferences between the landscape. And we tried to test in 3D images to improve beauty quality evaluation. In the test of second time, we used line art, color painting and simulation to test which people can feel more similar to their memory of the place.
Then we notice that people like two dimensions images more than three dimensions images. And people like hand-drawing more than computer simulations.
For this study, we want to find a effective way for landscape workers to show their idea for others. But in immature 3D images stage, preferences of 2D images is more higher than 3D images. If you want to show an idea, use few of images can make user more easier to understand the environment and space. |
