| 摘要: | 在藝術史的發展過程中，伴隨著每個歷史階段都有其各個不同的議題探討，進而衍生出許多的畫派。尤以社會寫實主義(Capi
talism)的誕生為最，它表現了對社會議題的關切與注意。而如今，有許許多多的國家皆沿用了「資本主義」這個經濟體制。然在體制的背後，卻隱含著極大的憂患，加上M型社會的發展及貧富的差距越來越大，形成了富者愈富，貧者愈貧的社會現象。在這樣的情況繼續發展之下，人們常常會看到很多對比強烈的社會性批判言論，而這也充分地顯示出人們對於社會周遭環境的重視。直至現今，社會性議題一直存在於我們日常生活的周遭，促使人們對於社會議題有了各自的見解，繼而有了不同的發聲與體悟。
法國的諷刺漫畫大師杜米埃(Honore-Victorin Daumier,1808-
1879)，以當時的政治與社會作為繪畫創作題材，他用畫筆徐徐如生地刻畫出許多諷刺性的畫作，畫作皆反映出對當時社會百態時事與生活的見證。杜米埃以諷刺性的手法來道出社會的弊端與種種辛酸，實值得現今的藝術家們效倣之，因為現今的社會，除了科技進步之外，許多隨著文明進步而衍生出來的問題實已超越以往的種種難題，甚至伴隨著新制度的產生而面臨了前所未有的大挑戰。
新的弊端出現，促使經濟體制有了因應及改變，緊接著人群之間的相互應對關係亦隨之有了些微的變化，加上小資人士的崛起，更讓眾多身處於現今世代的人們大為感嘆且不知所措。由此可見，新時代的變遷及物質需求的轉換，不僅讓許許多多的社會議題再度地浮出檯面上，也讓社會醜陋的寫實面更添加了新的嘲諷與批判。
本研究將以社會寫實主義的畫作作為出發點，藉以引出過去杜米埃嘲諷畫作的內在精神與實質意義。此外，杜米埃的畫作亦間接地影響到筆者面對社會的觀感，並覺察到當今社會中的許多社會性議題，也因而筆者情不自禁地在自我創作中融入了各種出現於現今社會弊端的批判與嘲諷，期冀激發出社會人士些許的共鳴心。
In the development process of the art history, every historical stage comes with its own different discussion of issues. And from those discussions, many schools come into existence. Among all, Capitalism, with its attention and emphasis on social issues, becomes one of the most outstanding schools. Nowadays, many countries follow the economic institution of “Capitalism”; however, behind this institution, there is great number of implicit problems. The development of the so-called “M-shape Society” and the discrepancy between the rich and the poor forms a social phenomenon that the rich becomes richer and the poor becomes poorer. Under this kind of circumstances, people tend to see many socially critical opinions that are strongly contrasted and this fully demonstrates the emphasis to the social surrounding of people who live in the society. Till now, social issues have always been around us, and they push people develop their different understanding to them, and then different voices and realizations thus come to life.
The French master of ironic comic “Honore-Victorin Daumire” uses the politics and society as his materials to create lots of vividly sarcastic works with his pens. Those works all reflect the true life of the society back then. Daumire tells the defects of society and the hard life of ordinary people in an ironic way. This kind of sprit should be a model of modern artists for that besides the advance of technologies; there are much more problems in present society and many of them are even more difficult to be dealt with. What’s more is that,those problems, which comes with the new institution of human’s life, may now pose some unprecedented challenge to us.
The emergences of new issues force the economic institution to make reaction and change. What comes along is the slight change among people’s interaction. The rise of middle class make a mass of people sighted and don’t know what to do. Thus, the change and the transformation of material needs in this new era not only let a variety of social issues come to the surface once again, but also add to the new criticism and sarcasticism toward the dark side of the society.
This research will take the Capitalism paintings as a starting point to probe the inner spirit and true meanings of Daumire’s work. In addition, Daumire’s works also indirectly affect the author’s opinion toward the society and feel many social issues among today’s society. Therefore, the author may unconsciously mix some criticism and sarcasiticism into his own creation in order to inspire some response from those who live in the same society. |
