| 摘要: | 李斯特的兩首《傳奇曲》，是浪漫樂派當中，所出現的特殊的曲種。這兩首分別是李斯特在羅馬時期所創作，此時期已是李斯特到達創作最巔峰的時。這兩首作品是他用以表彰聖方濟聖業的鋼琴獨奏作品，兩首傳奇曲分別為：第一首傳奇曲《對鳥兒說教的聖方濟》，第二首《保歐拉的聖方濟在海上行走》。《對鳥兒傳教的聖方濟》取材自中世紀的宗教文學作品《阿西吉的聖方濟的小花》(Petites fleurs de St. Francois Assise )中第十六章，樂曲題贈給李斯特的二女兒柯西瑪‧畢羅(Cosima Bulow)，李斯特將其所擅長的即興變奏手法和鋼琴的音樂色彩，發揮得淋漓盡致。
第二首傳奇曲《保歐拉的聖方濟在海上行走》，一幅聖方濟履水畫中的意境，佔據了李斯特的思潮，是李斯特從畫裡得到的靈感，所創作的一首鋼琴獨奏曲，在描寫聖方濟徒步走過海浪到達目的地。這首作品也是一首描寫性的作品，李斯特則是採用早期的一首合唱作品「獻給保歐拉的聖方濟」的主題為動機，更是音畫的不朽之作。
這兩首傳奇曲，皆有其獨特又炫麗的鋼琴技巧，在第一首中，以鋼琴來描繪聖方濟對鳥兒們說教的情景，以及作曲家試圖以鋼琴去製造與模仿鳥的聲響。第二首當中，李斯特在曲子中，栩栩如生的描述著聖方濟在水上行走的事，曲子的技巧不但困難，且需要演奏者十分細膩、又富有張力和表情的詮釋。
《西班牙狂想曲》是一首技巧困難的鋼琴曲之一，先介紹其正、副標題之後，並試圖以清楚並有順序的分段，來切入分析整首樂曲，並作樂段上技巧上的分類，西班牙吉他的部分演奏技巧也稍略探討，將其融入本曲演奏技巧詮釋中，進而擴展至整曲詮釋風格。
演奏風格的形成，必須要有深厚的理論與知識為音樂基礎，本論文不但將依序透過探討作曲家以及創作背景，並對於原始的文學內容、當時主要的參考繪圖整理呈現，並對於樂曲的音型構造、音樂結構、樂曲織度與主題呈現方式等的相關資料蒐集與歸納，使彈奏者在展現精湛的演奏技巧之外，能夠擁有豐富的演奏詮釋內涵與最有生命力的個人演奏風格。
由各文獻中也可得知，其共通處即是這三首作品皆確定為李斯特在羅馬時期作創作，故本論文以「李斯特羅馬時期」鋼琴獨奏曲稱之，此名稱也幫助讀者在研究這三首樂曲時，能迅速由李斯特的羅馬時期的特殊背景中，更精確掌握此階段李斯特的創作與演奏內涵。
Among the romanticists, Liszt wrote two songs of “The Legend “, which were really special kinds of music. The two pieces of music were Liszt’s original works in the period of Rome. It was the summit for Liszt to reach his great works. Liszt made use of them to manifest his solo performance in piano about St. Francis. Liszt mentioned how St. Francis preached to the swallows in his first song of “The Legend”, and mentioned how St. Francis walked on the sea. The song of “The Legend was derived from Chapter 16 of Petites fleurs de St. Francois Assise, a religious literary work in the Middle Age, presented to Liszt’s second daughter, Cosima Bulow. Liszt developed his immediate performance and the color of piano playing to the best.
In the second song of “The Legend” about how St. Francis walked on the sea, a wonderful picture of how St. Francis walked on the sea inspired Liszt and made his creating his piano solo performance. In describing how St. Francis walked on the sea to his destination, this piece of music was one hinting sex. Liszt took his motivation from his early choral work, presenting to Pola’s St. Francis, as the theme. It was an immortal work of music and picture combined.
These two songs of “The Legend” have their unique and splendid art of music playing. In the first piece, Liszt used the piano to picture how St. Francis to preach to the swallows, and describe how a composer tried to use his piano to build and imitate the twittering of the birds. In the second piece, Liszt described lively and vividly how St. Francis walked on the sea. A performer can by no means accomplish such a difficult piece of music without fineness, dedication and tension.
The Spanish Rhapsody is one of the piano pieces of music which takes hardwork and art to play. I introduced firstly in one of the chapters of my thesis its title and subtitle, then I tried to paragraph it clearly and in order, and analyze the whole piece of music, The Spanish Rhapsody. Not only did I classify it in every paragraph skillfully but I explored a little in part of its gitar performance and integrated it into the explanation of the art of the performance of this piece of music, and finally developed it into the explanation of the style of the whole piece.
It takes profound theory and knowledge to lay the foundation of music on the form of the style of music performance. Thus, in two chapters of my thesis, I explored the composer and his background of creation in order. To the original contents of literature, the structure of music, the exposure of the theme, I tried my best to collect and arrange their data to help make the music player to show not only his remarkable art of performance but also his rich content of music performance and his lively style of performance.
From the traditional music document, we come to the conclusion that the three pieces of music were written by the great composer Liszt, in the period of Rome. I called in my thesis ”The Liszt in the period of Rome” piano solo performance, of which the name also helps the readers and the learners understand the periods of the time of Liszt’s original works and contents of performance quickly and precisely from the special background of Liszt in the period of Rome. |
