| 摘要: | 文化產業軔始於福特主義（Fordism）之「大量生產與大量消費」（mass production & mass consumption）的經濟結構體制，並藉由全球化之資訊流、資金流、知識流等方式迅速地擴散至全球，而在全球化潮流的衝擊與影響下，人類文化日趨導向一元及多元化的矛盾發展趨勢；此外西方先進國家運用本身強大優勢，打破空間與時間的限制與隔閡，將文化藉著全球網路化的方式並透過符號學的形式，散播至世界各地，使得原先根植在地方知本土文化與特色逐漸被滲透與吞噬，此現象正反映出全球文化目前面臨著空間「同質化」（homogenization）與「異質化」（heterogenization）發展之挑戰。
有鑑於此，西方先進國家為避免此現象的產生，於二十一世紀末期相繼提出振興地方文化產業與文化政策。而我國政府與學者專家亦積極研擬補救與保留地方文化發展之一連串政策。如民國83年社區總體營造、民國91年挑戰2008國家發展計畫等相關之文化產業政策，其目的係為了保存與再發展地方文化與經濟，營造地方重要的文化空間，創造社群互動的功能，振興傳統社會網絡、地方組織及累積社會資本與降低全球化對於本國文化之衝擊作用。
綜觀我國文化政策歷程中，我國文化政策從早期七○、七八年代著重於文化硬體上之建設。由於受到全球化的影響下，八○年代迄今之文化政策係以「社區」、「地方文化產業」等做為推動之主體。除了文化政策內容上的改變外，公私部門協力關係亦隨著社會時代的進步與民眾自我意識的覺醒，推動文化政策不再只是政府的責任，推動政策機制從以往單一部門獨立奮鬥模式轉為公私協力模式，公部門與私部門兩者接之關係不再呈現垂直分割模式轉而為水平融合互動模式，雙方採取互助互惠的合作方式，公部門在推動地方文化產業發展時，扮演輔助性角色，提供行政與硬體方面的實質建設；私部門則扮演主要核心的角色，透過他們生活的方式與型態表現出地方紋理之特色與自明性。公私部門推動竹子湖地區之文化產業即為此成功之個案。
我國推動地方文化產業亦有一段時間且陸續有些成果出現，但這其中也不乏有失敗之例子，因此本研究藉由研究竹子湖海芋季個案來發現：1.公私協力機制的產生及運作方式；2.竹子湖海芋季活動目前發展瓶頸與課題；3.如何朝向永續經營的模式。並參考國內外案例的方式，對我國政府推動地方文化產業作相關之建議。
The cultural industry was initiated from the Economic Structural System of the Fordism – mass production and mass consumption, and spread in the quickest way to the world through information, capital, and knowledge flows. Under the impact and influence of globalization, human cultures are gradually developing towards the conflict of homogeneity and diversity. Besides the impact of globalization, developed countries are now using their hegemonic advantages to break the boundaries of time and space and spread their cultures to the remotest corner of the world through global networking in a form of symbolism, which are in fact infiltrating into the dissipating local cultures. This phenomenon indeed highlights the fact that cultures global-wide are facing the challenges of space homogenization and heterogenization development.
Being aware of the consequences, western countries attempted to prevent occurrence of this phenomenon. In the end of the Twenty-First Century, these countries successively proposed a series of policies relating to revival of their Local Culture Industries and cultures. The government and scholars in Taiwan have also developed a series of policies aiming to actively revive and preserve the development of local cultures. These policies are laid out in objectives to preserve and redevelop local cultures and economies through management of key culture spaces, development of social interactive functions, reestablishment of traditional social networks and local organizations, and accumulation of social capitals, in expectation to minimize the impact of globalization on the cultures living actively in the country.
Looking into the development of culture related policies in Taiwan, culture policies in the 80's and 90's were focused more on the development of hardware infrastructure. Influenced by globalization, culture policies have been embodied on the subjects of community and the Local Culture Industry. Despite the changes in the contents of culture policies, the concept of private-public partnership has also been formed, along the progress of the society and rising awareness of the public. The job of pushing forward the culture policies are no longer the sole responsibility of the government. The working mechanism evolved from a solo fight into a mode of private-public partnership. The relationship between the two sides of the public and private took a turn from vertical dissection into horizontal cooperation in a mutual beneficent way. The public department plays a role of the guider, providing administrative assistance and hardware infrastructure, and the private department plays the lead role to present the local cultures and features through people’s lives and lifestyles. The cooperative relation of the public and private sector is reflected in the success of the Zhuzi Lake Local Culture Industry Development Project.
Development of the Local Culture Industry has been carried on for a period of time and some achievements have shown; however, not all cases are successful. From the case of Zhuzi Lake Calla Flower Festival, we find a few issues demanding in-depth discussion – 1, how a good public-private partnership mechanism can be established and how it works; 2, the bottlenecks and issues encountered by the Zhuzi Lake Calla Flower Festival at the current stage; 3, how to carry the industry into sustainable development. We have also conducted a series of case studies on foreign and domestic projects and consolidated the findings into constructive suggestions relevant to the development of the Local Culture Industry. |
