| 摘要: | 本研究以我國中等學校優秀羽球教練的領導行為與管理方法為主軸，以質的研究方法挑選四位教練做深入訪談。本研究目的在於探討優秀羽球教練之領導模式、價值觀、任務及角色、教練對球隊與選手的訓練及生活管理方式、教練領導球隊之團隊凝聚力、教練與球隊選手間相處之互動相關問題等。訪談結果分析如下：
一、瞭解優秀羽球教練之領導模式。
男性教練大多帶領男選手比較傾向權威式的領導模式，不過也會聽取選手意見做一參考。女性教練大多帶領女選手，因此多採混合式的領導模式。四位教練均有某些共同特點，如在訓練時嚴格的要求，並視實際情況給予不同的輔導與建議，而其權威是建立在民主之上。
二、瞭解優秀羽球教練的領導價值觀與任務及角色。
多數教練認為教導選手正確的觀念與技術、選手的訓練、與人溝通並擁有正常的生活作息及人生觀為首要任務。同時熱愛羽球運動、選手的成長與進步、工作的穩定也是讓他們從中得到樂趣以及成就感，是讓他們對教練工作感到滿意的主因。
三、瞭解優秀羽球教練對球隊與選手的訓練及生活管理方式。
本研究中四位教練都將訓練計畫分為訓練期、比賽期、調整期而擬定短期目標、中期目標、長期目標來實行訓練計畫。對選手日常生活態度要求行為端正、作息正常、積極、負責任、有禮貌的生活態度使其達到生活常規良好有紀律。
四、瞭解優秀羽球教練領導球隊之團隊凝聚力。
在研究中發現羽球運動介於協力作用運動和交互作用運動，是屬於「混合性運動」，對於團隊的凝聚力屬於中等需求。而教練一致認同團隊凝聚力對增加選手自信心與球隊向心力也非常重要。
五、暸解優秀羽球教練與球隊選手間相處之互動相關問題。
教練均認為和球隊選手間的互動沒有問題，與選手之間有很好的共識，並以身作則做為選手學習的榜樣，在平時以擔任選手們的老師、輔導者模式與之相處，只有在訓練時才是教練的角色。
六、暸解優秀羽球教練對提升團隊的水準及運作績效。
教練均認同，好的管理模式係指獎勵行為、訓練與指導行為、關懷行為、民主行為等有助於提升訓練績效，給予每位選手不同的訓練計畫、因材施教，增強自信心；教練整體掌控訓練進度及技術指導，分配個人任務及職責養成責任感；並配合讓隊員擬定個人目標，以提昇自己的競爭力，以達成團體目標，提昇整體團隊水準與運作績效。
This research focuses on high school elite badminton coaches' leadership behaviors and management methods in Taiwan. Through qualitative research method, the four selected coaches were interviewed in depth. This research aims at studying elite badminton coaches' leadership styles, their values, their missions and tasks, the roles they played, their training and management of the teams and players, team cohesiveness, the interaction between coaches and players, etc. The results were analyzed as follows:
1. Understanding of elite badminton coaches' leadership styles
In general, male players were led by male coaches, who tended to be in authoritative leadership style although they took players' opinions as reference; meanwhile, female players were mostly led by female coaches, who combined leadership styles and applied contingency leadership theory when leading teams and players. However, the four coaches had some traits in common, such as strict training, or different advice to each player. They are authoritative based on democracy.
2. Understanding of elite badminton coaches' values of leadership, their missions and tasks, and the role they played
For coaches, the primary tasks are teaching players correct concepts and techniques, training players, communicating with others, leading a regular life, and holding positive attitudes toward life. Because of their enthusiasm for playing badminton, the progress made by players, and stable job, they were satisfied with being a coach, having joy and getting a sense of achievement.
3. Understanding of elite badminton coaches' training and management of the teams and players
The four coaches set short-term, mid-term and long-term goals to carry out training programs, which include training period, competition period and adjustment period. Players were required to behave well, lead a regular life, shoulder responsibilities, and be positive and polite to be well-disciplined players.
4. Understanding of team cohesiveness
Badminton is a coactive-interactive sport, and the need for team cohesiveness is neither high nor low. The four coaches all agreed that team cohesiveness is indispensable for improving players’ confidence.
5. Understanding of the interaction between coaches and players
The four coaches thought they got along well with players and reached lots of consensus. The coaches were role models for players, being a mentor at usual time and a coach only when training.
6. Understanding of the coaches' performance
The four coaches all agreed that good management, which includes reward, training, care and democratic behaviors, led to efficient and effective performance. The players were coached in accordance with their aptitude to build stronger self-confidence. The coaches arranged training schedules, assisted players in skills, distributed tasks and duties to players to cultivate them a sense of responsibility; meanwhile, the players had to set personal goals to enhance competitiveness as well as achieve the group goal. Thus, the group and the performance would be enhanced to an advanced level. |
