| 摘要: | 現今醫療科技的發達，帶動了美容醫學行為之盛行。人們所接受的醫療相關行為，不再僅以治療疾病為目的，更發展出各式各樣不具治療目的之整型美容行為。但因為追求更多的經營利潤，現今有許多醫療院所於院下設立美容醫學中心，或將診所轉型為美容醫學診所，更有許多美容醫學診所因此紛紛開設。此在美容醫學環境競爭之下，其極有可能為謀求生存及更多之經濟利益，鋌而走險地使用不合格之醫療用品。此外，美容醫學醫師之素質與技術參差不齊、衛生主管機關未對美容醫學用品及環境設備嚴格把關，造成美容醫學需求者之美醫權益受損，甚而造成身體及健康上不可抹滅之傷害，進而演變出一連串的美容醫學糾紛。惟如何解決美容醫學糾紛，此牽涉者美容醫學行為是否屬於醫療行為，又如為醫療行為，那麼醫療契約與美容醫學契約二者之契約性質、當事人間法律關係、民法上責任、糾紛處理辦法是否相同皆係需要探討之處，故而本文將由行為定義為始，糾紛解決為終，探討醫療契約與美容醫學契約之比較。
第一章說明本文之研究動機與目的、研究方法與範圍。第二章則是深入分析一般醫療行為、醫療性整型美容行為、非醫療性生活美容行為之定義與種類。第三章則以第二章所提及之「醫療行為」與「美容醫學行為」探討當事人間所訂定之契約性質、法律關係與權利義務。藉由第三章二契約之法律關係與權利義務，探討其民法上責任及請求權競合之問題，此為第四章。第五章則為分析現今醫療糾紛與美容醫學糾紛之原因及糾紛處理相關方式，並介紹近期由衛生福利部委託財團法人醫院評鑑暨醫療品質策進會所推動之「美容醫學品質認證」，另附以外國對於醫療糾紛或美容醫學糾紛之處理法制為比較。最後第六章提出本文之結論與建議，希求對將來醫療糾紛或美容醫學糾紛之處理提供參考。
Nowadays advance in medical technology promotes aesthetic medicine practices. Related medical practices accepted by people not only aim at healing disease, but also develop a variety of cosmetic surgery practices without the purpose of treatment. However, to pursue more interests, nowadays aesthetic medicine centers are founded in many hospitals. The clinics are transformed for the purpose of aesthetic medicine, and many aesthetic medicine clinics are settled. In the competitive circumstances of aesthetic medicine, aesthetic medicine practitioners probably use unqualified medical supplies at risk for living and more economical interests. In addition, the qualities and skills of aesthetic medicine doctors are not uniform. So far the sanitary authorities haven’t strictly regulated aesthetic medicine supplies, environment and equipment. It results to the damage to rights of aesthetic medicine demanders. Even the body and health of aesthetic medicine demanders are harmed eternally, and a series of aesthetic medicine disputes are developed. But how to solve the disputes of aesthetic medicine are related to the problem that whether aesthetic medicine practices are medical practices. If aesthetic medicine practices are medical practices, the problem whether the characters of contracts, the legal relationships between the parties, the civil liabilities, and the dealing of disputes are the same between medical contracts and aesthetic medicine contracts is necessary to be discussed. Therefore, this paper will define the practices for the beginning and end at solving the disputes, and the medical contracts and aesthetic medicine contracts will be compared and conferred.
The motive, purpose, method and scope of research of this article will be explained in the first chapter. In the second chapter, I will deeply analyze the definitions and categories of general medical practices, medical cosmetic surgery practices, and non-medical ordinary cosmetology practices. In the third chapter, I will discuss the characters of contracts, the legal relationships and the rights and obligations between the parties with the “medical practices” and “aesthetic medicine practices” mentioned in the second chapter. With the legal relationships and the rights and obligations of the two contracts in the third chapter, I will discuss the question of the civil liabilities and the concurrence of the claims in the fourth chapter. In the fifth chapter, the cause and the solutions of medical disputes and aesthetic medicine disputes nowadays will be analyzed. In addition, I will describe the recent promotion of "Aesthetic Medicine Quality Certification" by Taiwan Joint Commission on Hospital Accreditation commissioned by the Ministry of Health and Welfare. Furthermore, the regulations of dealing medical disputes or aesthetic medicine disputes in foreign countries will be compared. Finally, in the sixth chapter, conclusions and recommendations of this paper will be made, and I wish that it can provide references to the future dealing of medical disputes or aesthetic medicine disputes. |
