存在主義的生死觀研究

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题名:	存在主義的生死觀研究 On Views of the Life and Death in Existentialism
作者:	覃宇 Yu, Chin
贡献者:	哲學系
关键词:	存在主義生死觀傅偉勳齊克果向死的存在 Existentialism life and death Charles Fu limited suicide
日期:	2013-06
上传时间:	2013-11-04 11:20:30 (UTC+8)
摘要:	傅偉勳在其著作《死亡的尊嚴與生命的尊嚴》中，對存在主義生死觀的批評是「孤離性」的；並且認為生死意識應從平時培養的批評，田立克、卡繆、海德格對人有限性的思索也能開啟死亡的意識。而對弗蘭克理論到底是有神或無神的內部矛盾的批評，其實也牽涉到存在主義各家本來就有的矛盾。這些種種都讓筆者認為必須對存在主義各家的生死觀做「類型學」的比較分類，這樣才能夠對傅偉勳的批判做更清楚的界定。這些類型是： 1. 是否強調要個人單獨地面對自己的生死； 2. 是否具有社會關懷他人生死的強調。 3. 死亡意識是否從平時對「有限性」的思考來培養； 4. 是否具有負責任的生死觀； 5. 是否具有轉化受苦與死亡為正面力量的「態度價值」。因此本文由存在主義思想家各類型的生死觀比較之後，再來說明傅偉勳對於存在主義生死觀語焉不詳或有誤解之處，例如孤離性、缺乏平時的生死意識的培養等等。經過本文的分析之後，我們的結論就是存在主義生死觀並非如此孤離，還是具有很深刻的人道主義思想，就是因為如此，所以存在主義思想才被許多心理治療學者拿來做為心理治療的理論。最後的結論就是更正傅偉勳對存在主義生死觀的批評，並且存在主義生死觀仍是有許多可取之處，值得我們運用。 Charles Fu in his book "the Dignity of Death and the Dignity of Life" comments Existentialists’ view of life and death is "isolation". And he believes that the conception of death should train in everyday life. Tillich, Camus and Heidegger, their thinking about the finiteness of life inspires the consciousness of death. While the criticism of contradictions about the Frankl’s theory being the Theism or Atheism, in fact, it involve various inherent contradictions of Existentialism. It all makes me classify Typologically the view of life and death of Existentialists, so to be able to definy Charles Fu’s criticism more clearly. These types are: 1. Whether stressed the need to face their own personal life and death alone; 2. Whether the life and death of others emphasize social care. 3. Whether the consciousness of death from the usual right "limited" thinking to develop; 4. Whether a responsible life and death; 5. Whether the suffering and death into a positive force for the "attitude of value." This article by the existentialist thinkers compare various types of life and death, the instructions again existentialist conception of death for Charles Fu did not elaborate or misunderstood, isolated from the example, lack of awareness of the culture of life and death usually so. After this analysis, our conclusion is that existentialism is not so isolated from the conception of death, or have a very profound humanist thought, it is because of this, so many existential psychotherapy scholars thought was only used as a theory of psychotherapy . Charles Fu final conclusion is correct outlook on life and death existential criticism and existential conception of death is still a lot of merit, worthy of our use.
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