| 摘要: | 隨著醫學科技發達，人類重視飲食養生與身體保健，使得人們平均壽命逐漸延長，再者出生率大幅降低，全世界人口均出現高齡化現象；據研究指出銀髮族容易對生活上產生不滿意，藉由運動參與則可提高生活滿意度、改善生活狀態與幸福感的提升。本研究的目的為探討銀髮族參與運動的動機、參與程度與幸福感之間的關係，採用問卷調查法，在台北市大型都會公園發放，回收390份有效問卷。
研究結果顯示，受訪者的運動參與動機主要偏向「健康體能」、「社交互動」兩大動機構面為主，在運動參與方面，受訪者最常從事的運動依序為「散步」、「外丹功」、「健走」，運動強度平均落在中、低強度的運動項目。運動動機與幸福感有顯著正向關係，故假設成立；然運動動機對參與程度參與呈現負向關係，無顯著影響，假設不成立；至於運動參與和幸福感之關係，頻率對幸福感呈現正向影響，並驗證參與前五項之運動(散步、外丹功、健走、體操、登山)，僅散步參與頻率對幸福感有些微影響，即經常從事散步活動的銀髮族，其幸福感認知程度越高，假設僅獲得部分支持。
本研究建議銀髮族多參與低強度的運動，例如散步、太極拳、體操以及參與社交性的團體運動，如外丹功、登山社、舞蹈等；至於身體有疾病的銀髮族參與運動時最好事前詢問醫師，是否適合做全身性的體能項目。另多推廣銀髮族參與規律運動，並提升休閒運動環境，加強建構完善醫療照護等，亦可提高銀髮族成功老化與幸福感。
Along with the technological development of medicine, mankind has placed greater attention on diet and regimen as well as health care so the life span of man-kind has gradually been elongated. In addition, the dramatic decrease of birth-rate has also resulted in increased aging population globally. Based on the previous stud-ies, the silver peers can have easily found dissatisfaction with their life, but the par-ticipation of exercise will enhance their life satisfaction and improve their sense of will being. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the motivation of the elderly in sport participation, level of involvement, and their sense of well-being. The study has adopted the questionnaire survey, which was conducted in a number of metropolitan parks of Taipei City, and 390 valid questionnaires were received.
As shown in the study, exercise participation and motivation among interview-ees were mainly tilted towards two aspects as “healthy physical condition,” and “so-cial interaction.” For exercise participation, the kinds of sports frequently taken by the interviewees were “walking,” “exterior alchemy cultivation,” and “hiking,” while the intensity of exercise would fall upon the sport items of medium and low. Besides, exercise motivation and sense of happiness have indicated prominently positive rela-tionship, so the hypothesis was supported. Nevertheless, exercise motivation was found to be in negative relationship with extent of involvement, and there was no prominent impact, telling that the hypothesis was not supported. As for the relation-ship between exercise participation and sense of well-being, the results indicate that exercise frequency was likely to enhance the sense of well-being. The most fre-quently participated sports, such as walking, external alchemy cultivation, hiking, gymnastics, and mountain-climbing, were individually tested, and it was found that only the frequency of walking had slight impact on well-being. In other words, the hypothesis that the silver peers who often conduct walking would have higher cogni-tion for sense of well-being had only received partial support.
This study would then suggests that the silver peers should frequently partici-pate in less-intense sports, such as walking, Tai chi, and gymnastics, as well as in-volve in sports of more socializing groups, such external alchemy cultivation, moun-tain-climbing club, and dancing. As for those silver peers with physical illness, they should consult their doctors before taking part in these exercises. In addition, par-ticipation in regular exercise among the silver peers should be promoted, while the leisure environment and comprehensive medical care should also be provided. In so doing, it will increase the successful aging and sense of well-being of the silver peers. |
