| 摘要: | 籃球運動是一項高速度、高爆發性、高協調性、高對抗性、高空優勢以及高技巧性的開放性運動；而新賽制修訂，不僅增加對抗性與衝擊性，亦提高選手運動損傷的機會。研究目的：探討大專女子甲一級籃球聯賽選手之運動傷害的發生成因、時機、位置以及部位等四大項，並依據攻守位置的不同作為進一步探討。研究方法:引用邱莉蓁 (2011) 「在運動訓練中選手發生運動傷害的風險評量表」中運動傷害調查之部分。研究對象共104名受訪者。研究分析利用SPSS 18.0套裝統計軟體進行計算，並應用敘述性統計 (描述性統計、平均數、交叉分析)、單因子變異數分析 (One-way ANOVA)、皮爾森相關績差（Pearson）等統計方法進行分析，再利用薛費法(Scheffe’s method)進行事後比較，顯著差異水準訂為，α=.05。結果顯示如下：一、運動傷害分佈情況：運動傷害的時機以練習(58.22%)時發生的比率最高傷害成因為不當攻擊或防禦(19.25%)， 運動傷害的部位為腳踝(25.95%)，運動傷害類型以扭傷、拉傷及挫傷為主。二、球員攻守位置與運動傷害之分析：攻守位置與受傷時機中，控球後衛與比賽為(r=.212, P<.05)低度正相關、中鋒與其他為(r=.328, P<.05)中度正相關、在受傷時機為其他內有顯著差異：中鋒>得分後衛。攻守位置與受傷成因中，控球後衛與運動場地為低度正相關(r=.243, P<.05)。攻守位置與受傷部位中，控球後衛與小腿(r=.244, P<.05)為低度正相關，中鋒與上背(r=.245, P<.05)為低度正相關、中鋒與足底(r=.248, P<.05)為低度正相關。攻守位置與傷害種類內，控球後衛與挫傷(r=.193, P<.05)為低度正相關、控球後衛與外傷(r=.211, P<.05)為低度正相關，中鋒與肌腱炎(r=.300, P<.05)為中度正相關，得分後衛與扭傷(r=.201, P<.05)為低度正相關。三、籃球場易發生運動傷害之位置：禁區T型為54.32%、禁區至三分線28.44%、三分線外區17.24%；控球後衛與三分線位(r=.401, P<.05)為中度顯著相關、得分後衛與禁區T型(r=-.211, P<.05)為低負相關、得分後衛與禁區至三分線(r=.267, P<.05)為低度正相關。
Basketball is an open kinetic chain sport with high-speed, fast pace, power, coordination, physical contact, and is considered a high injury incidence sport. Purpose: The aims of this study were to investigate the cause and effect, timing, situation, and body sites of injuries occurred in collegiate first grade women's basketball players. Different offensive and defensive positions were also analyzed. Method: This study adopted the questionnaire by the author Chiu Li-Jen (2011) and 104 collegiate women’s basketball players participated in the study. The research carried out a statistical analysis of these data by adopting a variety of methods, including descriptive statistics, One-way ANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation, chi-square test, and Scheffe’s method for post-hoc comparison and the sigmificant level was set α=.05. Results: It showed as follows: First, the distribution of injury: The timing of injuries was highest in practice (58.22%); the cause was inadequate offense or defense (19.25%); the part of body was ankle joint (25.95%); the types were mainly sprain, strain, and contusion. Second, the analysis between player offensive and defensive position and sport injury: the point guard showed lower correlation with competition (r = .212, P<.05); the center showed medium correlation with other variables (r = .328, P<.05); and reached significant change: center > point guard. Otherwise, the point guard and court showed low correlation (r=.243, P<.05). The point guard and calf performed low correlation (r=.244, P<.05); the center and upper back (r = .245, P<.05), center and sole (r=.248, P<.05), point guard and contusion (r = .193, P<.05), point guard and trauma (r = .211, P<.05), point guard and sprain ( r = .211, P<.05) were all low correlation; but center and myotenositis showed medium correlation (r=.300, P<.05). Third, the potential injury in basketball court: The key (restricted area) was 54.32%, the key to three-point line was 28.44%, outside the three-point line performed 17.24%. The point guard and three-point line showed medium correlation (r=.401, P<.05); point guard and key showed low negative correlation (r=-.211, P<.05); and point guard and key to three-point line was low correlation (r=.267, P<.05). |
