凱特‧蕭邦《覺醒》中的「自由愛」

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Title:	凱特‧蕭邦《覺醒》中的「自由愛」 Free Love in Kate Chopin's The Awakening
Authors:	羅季菊 Luo, Chi-chu
Contributors:	英國語文學系
Keywords:	自由愛凱特‧蕭邦海覺醒 free love Kate Chopin sea The Awakening
Date:	2013-06
Issue Date:	2013-10-15 13:45:37 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	十九世紀的美國維多利亞社會女人具有聖母般的犧牲、奉獻的形象。所有熱情皆付予家庭、丈夫、孩子。此外，了無慾望。造成當時極力爭取婦女權益、男女平權、抗議婚姻制度剝削女人自由的「新女性」遭衛道人士在漫畫、雜誌上醜化她們的形象。企圖攻擊她們想與男人平起平坐的野心。凱特‧蕭邦的《覺醒》中的女主角則廻異於以上兩種女人典型。她自覺自己並不適任家務，知道自己是盲目的走入了婚姻路；沒準備好就當了媽媽。在偶然的機會下，她來到南方充滿浪漫異國風情的格蘭島，受到大自然及島上克里歐人的薰陶，不自覺地，她的天性被喚醒。像盡情享受大自然召喚的母性動物，她恢復原本被壓抑的欲望及對自由的渴求。為了宣示自己是自己的主人，她不惜付出所有代價。但最後她明白了一件事，那就是，一個母親是沒有自我可言，她和孩子是一體的。故事結局，她選擇不傷害孩子又能成全自己的方法：在死亡中重生。在象徵有無限可能的大海中得到解脫，在象徵無憂無慮的兒時記憶中重生。本論文共分五章。第一章提供作者凱特‧蕭邦的背景以及其與新女性寫作有關的事件、《覺醒》的介紹及歷史評價。第二章介紹美國十九世紀「新女性」現象、「自由愛」運動。第三章討論作者如何利用自然隱喻女主角無法言說的對解脫的渴望。第四章檢視女主角的作為為何會在當時被視為道德上的禁忌。第五章結論將上述討論作總結。凱特‧蕭邦的一生成敗皆因《覺醒》這部作品。《覺醒》受到作者自己的新女性作風、「新女性」現象、「自由愛」運動的影響，其中隱含的性慾及外遇話題使此作品噤聲近半世紀。當時《覺醒》斷送凱特‧蕭邦的寫作生涯，半世紀後，世人因《覺醒》尊凱特‧蕭邦為美國經典作家。 In the nineteenth-century Victorian America, women are expected to exist as a saint as St. Mary to sacrifice her whole life to her home, her husband, and her children. The New Women at that time are despised for their ignorance of the importance of the institution of the society and marriage and their selfish demands for female rights, equality, and freedom. The moralists satirize them as ugly, unwomanly, and tasteless women in the comics and magazines. The New Women are pushed to face the dilemma. The protagonist Edna Pontellier in The Awakening is different from the two types depicted above. Awarded of her own blindness to choose the road of her marriage and motherhood, her nature is awakened accidentally in her summer trip to the exotic, romantic, and casual Grand Isle by the open and sensuous Creole society. Like a female animal, she responds to the calling of the nature. To declare her self-ownership, Edna is willing to pay and doesn’t care about the cost. However, in the end, she realizes one thing: being a mother, she has no way to return. The story ends in her free and last choice in committing suicide. The only way to insist on her independence and her love for her sons is the rebirth from death in which she can be liberated in the unlimited sea and be reborn in her carefree childhood memory. This thesis consists of five chapters: Chapter One introduces the historical context of the novel. Chapter Two is the brief introduction of the New Women writing and the Free Love Movement. Chapter Three discusses the significance of the metaphors of liberation. Chapter Four analyzes the dilemma of the self-ownership and the reason why the novel is regarded as morally forbidden; and Chapter Five is the conclusion of the above discussion. All of the New Women style of Chopin’s own life, the phenomena of New Women, and the free love movement are reflected upon the plot of The Awakening. The implicitly forbidden topics of sexuality and adultery force it to be silent. The Awakening cuts down Chopin’s literary life at her time but establishes her reputation in the history of American canons after nearly half of century.
Appears in Collections:	[Department of English Language and Literature ] Thesis

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