與現實世界的搏鬥、掙扎: 八八水災後多重弱勢家庭個案的生活經驗之民族誌研究

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Title:	與現實世界的搏鬥、掙扎: 八八水災後多重弱勢家庭個案的生活經驗之民族誌研究 Fighting & Struggling for life: An Ethnographic Study of A Multi-disadvantaged Family's Post-disaster Life Experiences
Authors:	李俊賢 Li, Chun-Sian
Contributors:	心理輔導學系
Keywords:	八八水災災難多重弱勢家庭生活經驗民族誌掙扎與搏鬥 88 flood disaster Ethnography Disaster Multi-disadvantaged family Life experiences Fighting & struggle
Date:	2013-06
Issue Date:	2013-10-08 14:27:56 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	本研究旨在瞭解（一）多重弱勢家庭的生命故事，以及其生存之道為何？（二）多重弱勢家在遭遇八八水災後的生活經驗為何？本研究方法以質性研究的民族誌方法取徑，以關懷小茉家庭（匿名）個案作為研究田野，進行長達三年多的參與觀察和訪談。研究結果發現小茉家庭處在面臨多面向剝奪的弱勢生活中，發展出封閉與卑微的生存之道，而小茉家庭也無法因應災難帶來的衝擊。其具體內涵包括：一、弱勢者組成的多重弱勢家庭：茉爸因意外殘疾而喪失其勞動價值，在傳宗接代的家族期望下，與華裔印尼女子－茉媽組成家庭。茉媽對夫家的弱勢經濟條件感到錯愕和失望，以致於產生適應困難，然而，孩子的誕生成為這個家庭凝聚的力量，並帶來希望與寄託。二、「對外封閉，對內糾結」的家庭動力：在父權形態的家庭結構裡，茉爸為免於外界歧視與批判的眼光，創造一家人的緊密關係，卻同時控制著家庭的行動，限制家庭發展的可能。三、「持續弱勢」的卑微生存哲學：茉爸、茉媽透過消極不作為，不避諱表現出弱，來獲得國家與社會的資源，發展出卑微的生存策略與自我認同，然而，這樣的生存方式其實也是一種生存的韌力。四、災難凸顯小茉家庭的易受傷的體質：災難會使得弱勢身份的消失，再加上封閉的生存策略，造成低社會資本，使得災後處境顯得狼狽不已。然而，資源雖少卻是僅有的一切，表現在對資源的善用與珍惜。五、災難帶來危機，同時打破家庭的孤立處境：災後重建相較其他家庭來得非常緩慢，卻讓此家庭有機會被外界看見，進而獲得政府補助以外的資源、關懷。六、虔誠的信仰是主要的精神支柱。由於弱勢處境往往不被他人相信與理解，心中的痛苦只能訴說給神明聽，認為只有神明會相信此家庭遭遇到的種種困難。接著透過研究者的反思，討論弱勢的議題包含：（一）弱勢不等於弱者；（二）「弱勢」是外界的框架，卻是他們的生活的一切；（三）勵志的社會氛圍，可能是一種無形的壓迫；（四）教育是翻身的道路，卻是一條狹隘的路。最後，根據研究結果，對心理實務工作者提出建議。 The purpose of the study was to explore the experiences of multi-disadvantaged family who have been through 88 flood disasters, the family’s life story and their way to survive. The research method adopted here is Ethnographic, and the three-year research field is to concern the multi-disadvantaged family (alias: the Jasmine family) with close observation and interviews. The result is that the Jasmine family face multidimensional social deprivation in their life so that the family’s survival strategy is self-isolation and being humble. And the family cannot deal with the trauma the flood brought. There are six findings in the study: (1) The combination of the disadvantaged from multi-disadvantaged family. The father is disabled due to an accident and expected to have a baby to carry on the family's name, he married an Indonesian woman (the mother). The mother gets disappointed in the family income and she has a hard time adjusting to the new environment. However, a child is born and brings the family together. (2) Family dynamics is "Outside isolation; inside enmeshment". Under this patriarchal family, the father creates family’s close relationship in order to avoid any discrimination and judgement from the outside world, but it restricts their development at the same time. (3) Continuously being in a disadvantaged situation, the father and the mother are being passive and do nothing to get the welfare; developing a humble survival strategy and self-identity. However, this way of living is a form of resilience. (4) This disaster proves how vulnerable they are and causes them to lose their original identity. The self-isolation survival strategy causes declining social capital, putting them in a worse situation. However, being short of resources is all they have now, they fully appreciate what they have got. (5) This flood put them in a crisis, but at the same time break their current situation; the rebuilding process might be slower than the other family, but they have a chance to be in public, thus gaining help and concerns from many charities. (6) Having a belief is a strong spiritual support. Being in a disadvantaged situation often lead to misunderstandings and doubts from other people; therefore, they speak to their God and believe only God can understand what they have been through. And then the reflection of the researcher will lead to some issues regarding the disadvantaged: (1) Being in a disadvantaged situation is not being weak. (2) Being "disadvantaged" is what we define, but that's all their life. (3) social positive consciousness is somehow an oppression to the disadvantaged. (4) Education might be the "only" way to improve their disadvantaged situation. Finally, according to the research results, some suggestions would be provided for psychology professionals.
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