摘 要
研究目的：血管内皮前驅细胞 (Endothelial Progenitor Cells，EPCs) 於1997被成功分離並證實了成人周邊血中存在著能增殖並分化為血管内皮细胞的内皮前驅细胞，具有生成血管的能力。有關運動員從事激烈運動訓練，可能承擔對血管內皮細胞造成傷害的研究尚未獲得一致的共識，有待做進一步的研究與探討。研發羽球米字步漸增式電子控制系統，探討羽球漸增式力竭運動刺激對血管內皮所引發之內皮前驅細胞、血循環內皮細胞 (Circulating Endothelial Cells, CEC)、凋零血循環內皮細胞 (Apoptotic CEC)、血管內皮增生因子 (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, VEGF) 細胞數量與濃度前後測的變化量，增進力竭運動刺激對血管內皮前驅細胞損傷及生理指標等相關影響之瞭解。研究方法：本研究以16位大專甲組男子羽球運動員為研究對象，透過自行研發的羽球米字步漸增式電子控制系統，進行米字步漸增力竭運動刺激的測試，探討米字步與溫蓋特力竭運動測試前後，血管內皮前驅細胞等四種因子，是否存在顯著差異及產生交互作用；觀察EPCs等四種因子在前後免疫檢測值與心跳率、血乳酸等生理指標是否產生顯著差異或存在線性關係。運用t檢定、二因子變異數分析以及多元迴歸等方法對所有相關數據進行統計與分析，顯著水準α=.05。研究结果：顯示米字步前測EPCs檢測值平均數為16.13，後測EPCs檢測值平均數為8.94，前後測變化量平均數為7.19，(t= 4.02)，下降幅度達到50%，呈現顯著的差異 (p＜.05)。而CEC前測檢測值平均數為137.38，CEC後測檢測值平均數為92.31，下降幅度約達30% (p＞.05)；VEGF前測檢測值平均數為52.48，VEGF後測檢測值平均數為47.83 (p＞.05)，呈現10%的下降情形。依據運動強度溫蓋特測得最高心跳率為190 (次/分)，判定運動強度為 80%至90%¬之間 (p＜.05)；米字步法測試，最高心跳率為197 (次/分)，判定運動強度大於90%¬，故兩項皆有達成高強度運動刺激的目標；而米字步法的測驗方式比較能夠符合羽球運動專項的需求，更加接近實戰競賽的情境。結論：立即性漸增式力竭米字步的前測與後測，EPCs、CEC、VEGF三項檢測值均呈現顯著的下降趨勢，唯有凋零血循環內皮細胞呈現上升情形，進而證實高強度力竭運動刺激確能對血管內皮細胞產生抑制作用與造成傷害。
Abstract
Purpose: Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were first successfully isolated in 1997 and confirmed EPCs in human peripheral blood have the ability to proliferation and differentiate into vascular endothelial cells, the cells that make up the lining of blood vessels in vivo. The risk of possible damages on human vascular endothelial cells when athletes engage in high intensity physical training for a long time still remains unclear and needs further researches. Innovate electronic incremental exhaustive 6-spots badminton court footwork testing device and explore badminton incremental exhaustive exercise stimulation-induced vascular endothelial cells and endothelial precursor concentration effect, and to enhance the understanding on the impact of incremental exhaustive exercise to the damage of EPCs and Physiological parameters. Methods: This research is based on a study of 16 level-A male college badminton players by using a self-innovated electronic testing device to compare the pre-test and post-test results of incremental exhaustive 6-spots badminton footwork exercise in order to find out if the incremental exhaustive exercise significantly affects EPCs, CES, Apoptotic CEC and VEGF by observing the immunoassay of the four factors above, heart beat rate and blood lactate. The test utilizes t-test, two-way ANOVA, and Multiple Regression Analysis for statistics and analysis, the significant levelα=.05. Results: The EPCs mean of 6-spots badminton footwork pre-test is 16.13 and post-test is 8.94. The variation equals 7.19 (t= 4.02). It decreases dramatically by 50%, showing significant difference (p<.05). The CEC pre-test mean is 137.38 and post-test is 92.31. The decreasing rate is about 30%. The VEGF pre-test mean is 52.48 and post-test is 47.83. It shows 10% decreasing rate. According to Wingate exercise intensity test, the highest heart-beat rate of 190 per minute is among 80%-90% intensity (p<.05). The 6-spots badminton footwork test reaches 197 per minute, which is above 90%. Both tests are in the high intensity range while the 6-spots badminton footwork caters to the needs of badminton players and can be applied to their actual game experiences. Conclusion: The means of EPCs, CEC and VEGF remarkably declined after the incremental exhaustive 6-spots badminton footwork test except for Apoptotic CEC. It concludes that the immediate incremental exhaustive exercise restrains and damages human vascular endothelial cells.
