新手媽媽壓力源、壓力因應策略與壓力反應之調查研究

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Title:	新手媽媽壓力源、壓力因應策略與壓力反應之調查研究 The Research on First-time Mothers Stressor, Stress Coping strategies and Stress Response Survey
Authors:	郭倩如 Kuo, Chien-Ju
Contributors:	心理輔導學系
Keywords:	新手媽媽壓力源壓力因應策略壓力反應 First-time mothers Stressor Stress coping strategies Stress response
Date:	2013-06
Issue Date:	2013-10-01 13:25:51 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	本研究旨在調查新手媽媽的壓力源、壓力因應策略與壓力反應之現況，及在不同配偶支持情形下其差異狀況，研究方法採問卷調查法，以生育第一個孩子，其孩子年齡在二歲半以內的已婚婦女為研究樣本，以立意取樣的方式，尋找問卷調查的對象，獲得有效樣本共164人。主要研究工具為研究者自編「新手媽媽心理健康狀態調查問卷」，及許文耀（1999）所編製的「身心健康量表」。資料處理採用統計分析方法，包括描述性統計、卡方檢定、獨立樣本t檢定等。有效資料經統計分析得到以下結論：1.對於新手媽媽來說，目前壓力最大的前三個層面，分別依序為生活變化層面、母職工作層面、經濟層面。2.被動關懷協助組，在自我認同層面壓力源之「維持家庭內的和平而抑制不滿的情緒」、關係層面壓力源之「夫妻較少獨處或關係不睦」及「婆媳問題」、經濟層面壓力源之「保母費」上的人數百分比，顯著的高於主動關懷協助組。3.自我紓壓經驗中，主動關懷協助組，在「針對自己的問題找方法直接解決它」上的人數百分比，顯著的高於被動關懷協助組。4.尋求其他機構或對象協助的討論問題中，被動關懷協助組，在「提供嬰幼兒照顧技巧資訊」上的人數百分比，顯著的高於主動關懷協助組。5.心理健康活動經驗中，主動關懷協助組，在「參與心理健康活動的幫助程度」上的人數百分比，顯著的高於被動關懷協助組。6.心理諮商或心理治療經驗中，被動關懷協助組，在「不認為心理師真的能幫助我的問題」、「收費太貴」上的人數百分比，顯著的高於主動關懷協助組。7.主動關懷協助組，在「整體而言的紓壓方法效果」上的人數百分比，顯著的高於被動關懷協助組。8.主動關懷協助組，在「整體的身心安適狀態」、「對自己的健康滿意度」、「生活品質」、「較少負向情緒」都顯著優於被動關懷協助組。根據上述研究發現，提出以下幾點建議：（一）對於新手爸媽的建議：1.關注新手媽媽的需求；2.創造夫妻溝通對話時間。（二）政府社會相關單位：1.多推廣新手爸媽心理健康活動；2.整合並充分利用社會資源；3.重視心理健康服務的重要性。 The study aims to investigate the status quo of first-time mothers stressor, stress coping strategies and stress response and the different situations when the first-time mother is supported by different partners. With first-time mothers whose first-born child is under 2.5 years old as the sample of this study, it adopted the questionnaire survey research method and purposive sampling to find out the objects for questionnaire and obtained 164 valid samples. The major research tools included Questionnaire on First-time Mothers’ Mental Health made by the author and Psychosomatic Health Scale edited by Xu Wenyao (1999). The data were analyzed by statistical analysis including descriptive statistics, chi-square test and independent sample t-test. Based on the statistical analysis of valid data, it came to the following conclusions: 1. for first-time mothers, the stressor mainly involved three aspects which are arranged in order, namely, life changes, maternal works and economy. 2. the percentages of “maintaining family peace and refraining discontents” in the aspect of self-identification pressure source, “couples who seldom stay along or do not get along well” and “problems between mother-in-law and daughter-in-law” in the aspect of relation pressure source and “the cost of baby sitters” in economic aspect of pressure source in passive care and assistance group are all significantly higher than those in active care and assistance group. 3. in the experience of self relieving stress, the percentage of “finding out problems and immediately handling them by oneself” in active care and assistance group is significantly higher than that in passive care and assistance group. 4. in the issue of seeking other institutions or objects for help, the percentage of “providing technology information on taking care of babies” in passive care and assistance group is significantly higher than that in active care and assistance group. 5. in the experience of mental health activities, the percentage of “the degree of helpfulness while participating mental health activities” in active care and assistance group is significantly higher than that in passive care and assistance group. 6. in the experience of psychological counseling or therapy, the percentages of “believing psychologists can not really help me” and “high charges” are significantly higher than those in active care and assistance group. 7. the percentage of “overall effect of relieving pressures” in active care and assistance group is significantly higher than that in passive care and assistance group. 8. the aspects of “overall state of well-being physically and mentally”, “the degree of satisfaction towards the health of oneself”, “life quality” and “relatively less negative emotions” in active care and assistance group are significantly superior to those in passive care and assistance group. According the abovementioned research findings, the following suggestions are proposed as follows: as for first-time fathers and mothers, they should pay attention to the needs of first-time mothers and create communication environment for themselves. As regards related government departments and social institutions, they should promote mental health activities for first-time fathers and mothers, integrate and make full use of social resources and attach importance to the mental health service.
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