《魯賓遜漂流記》中「文明」的重建

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题名:	《魯賓遜漂流記》中「文明」的重建 Reconstructing "Civilization" in Robinson Crusoe
作者:	吳明修 Wu, Ming-Hsiu
贡献者:	英國語文學系
关键词:	魯賓遜漂流記文明宗教奴隸自然 Robinson Crusoe civilization religion slavery nature
日期:	2013-06
上传时间:	2013-09-26 14:20:20 (UTC+8)
摘要:	丹尼爾‧狄福所著之小說魯賓遜漂流記，是十八世紀重要的一本寫實小說，描述主人翁魯賓遜如何靠自己在島上重建文明。他在荒島上自行製作陶器、磨石、麵包等等，並自行開拓牧場與耕地。靠著這些用具與本身的知識他成功的統治了島嶼，並解救了星期五使其成為他的僕人，而這些技能與知識是人類傳承很多代之後所形成的文明。本論文將以文本分析方式探討文明在小說中所涉及的層面，第一章主要討論魯賓遜如何在荒島上複製文明與挪用文明產物，進一步發展成一個獨立的文明系統。第二章探討魯賓遜信仰宗教的過程以及他如何改變星期五的信仰，這一切起因於他所帶上荒島的三本聖經，這三本聖經可視為文明的象徵，代表著人類思想、文字、印刷等的發展過程。第三章內容與殖民議題有關，主要針對小說中的奴隸現象做討論，並與喬瑟夫‧康拉德的黑暗之心做對比。雖然魯賓遜身在荒島之中，與自然環境為伍長達28年，但是並沒有改變他利益至上的思想；與同樣描述在自然環境中獨居的湖濱散記對比，兩者對於自然的態度更是南轅北轍。透過分析這些作品與文獻，發現文明雖然代表著人類的進化程度，但是過度依賴文明並不會使我們成為更“文明”的人，魯賓遜即是一個很好的例子。 Robinson Crusoe, written by Daniel Defoe, is a renowned realistic novel, which detailed how Crusoe creates a number of civilized elements on his own, such as hand-made clay pots, stone mortar and goat raising on a desert island. Such civilized tools and knowledge enable him to be a role of improver and also the monarch of the island. Yet together with the unspotted opportunities of the first man, Crusoe had all the ingrained skill and knowledge of many generations of Britons. How does Crusoe’s ingrained skill and knowledge or this marvelous resourcefulness stand close examination? My thesis will examine those civilized elements in the novel, and probe into Crusoe’s process of mapping out the reality in a falsely realistic novel. In Chapter one, I’ll examine how Crusoe peculates items and tools from civilized society, as well as replicating the civilization on the island. Chapter two will focus on Crusoe’s religious progress and Friday’s conversion of the religion, which are attributed to the three Bibles that Crusoe brings to the island. These three Bibles symbolize human civilization; they represent the progress of the thinking, human mind and printing, etc. Chapter three will discuss the issue of slavery both in Robinson Crusoe and Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, as well as perspectives on Nature, in comparison with Thoreau’s Walden. Crusoe has lived in the natural environment for twenty-eight years; however, it does not change his attitude toward nature. In comparison with Thoreau’s Walden, their perspectives on nature are diametrically opposed to each other. Through the analysis of the works and references, it is discovered that over-reliance on civilization would not turn us into a more “civilized” man; Crusoe is a good example.
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