| 摘要: | 2000年陳水扁當選總統，民進黨取得中央執政的地位。在民進黨長期的發展過程中，2000年至2008年中央執政無疑是極為重要的發展過程及觀察重點。首先，這是台灣史上首次政黨輪替及民進黨史上首次中央執政，民進黨政府在這八年中對台灣政治發展有深刻的影響，具有歷史上的意義。其次，民進黨在八年中央執政後期卻深陷弊案，進而失去執政權，其中也深具反省的意義。
八年中央執政過程中，派系政治仍是黨內、黨政之間引起爭端及對立的主要根源，也是社會各界觀察民進黨政府執政的主要焦點。本論文的研究主題是八年中央執政時期民進黨派系政治的發展，從整體發展、派系的世代分布、派系與政黨事務、派系與選舉事務及派系與政府事務等角度，分別探討民進黨派系政治的發展過程、原因與主要本質。
本論文發現：中央執政後，派系政治仍是民進黨政治運作及權力結構的主要特徵。為配合執政及總統決策因素，傳統衝撞、合議及共治型態的派系政治的確已逐漸弱化與和緩。執政時期派系政治的型態，主要為陳水扁總統主導下的派系政治與圍繞總統候選人及地方行政首長所形成的個人派系。
陳水扁總統主導因素特別突顯，八年執政時期的諸多政黨事務、選舉事務及政府事務變遷，主要是此運作的呈現。不過，當陳水扁總統相關弊案陸續爆發後，其個人及所屬派系的權威已降低，黨內派系運作又逐漸回復至傳統型態。
民進黨是派系聯盟型態的政黨，整體事務由派系共同協商與決策。中央執政後，派系影響力弱化，成為穩定型的派系結構，陳水扁總統因半總統制下崇高的黨政地位，成為最重要的主導力量；原本派系產生重組，派系影響力走向弱化。所以中央執政後，民進黨較偏向黨內集權型的政黨。
過去個別存在、地位平等的普通及較制度化派系，在陳水扁總統及前述個別領導人自利主導下，逐漸轉變成個人侍從派系。以陳水扁總統為最高層，下轄前述個別領導人的複雜派系，是中央執政後民進黨的派系型態。此種複雜派系的型態，在執政中、後期爆發相關貪瀆弊案後才有所變遷。
另外，從競爭特徵與範圍的角度，執政前民進黨的派系運作為開放型態，因為派系競爭範圍包括廣泛的組織成員，甚至訴諸於社會團體或大眾。執政後，派系運作走向封閉型態，競爭範圍較侷限於領導核心的少數人，特別是陳水扁總統及少數高層領導人。而從派系發展的角度，民進黨派系發展與日本自民黨頗為相似，即由多元走向個別及共同主導的派系發展。
所以在2000年開展中央執政後，民進黨派系的正面、競爭功能已相當程度的喪失。因配合執政及陳水扁總統的主導，原本派系的影響力已大為降低。過去因派系競爭所展現的公開、民主、多元性格，在中央執政後也較為淡薄。民進黨派系的競爭功能也逐漸喪失，也是最終導致八年執政終結的主要原因之一。
The following research is related to the development of factions, which consists of setting, form, range and reason in the DPP government time. Such a development could be comparable to traditional faction.
The result of the research is that the operations of factions influence the political decisions and political powers in the DPP. The relationship between the different factions is very complicated. Political power is centralized in President Chen Shui-Bian, Justice Alliance faction and New Tide faction. But since that the actual affair can unite the different faction in the party, which bring about ruling-group and opposition-group. Additionally, the original existing faction split himself.
Traditionally, factional politics apply collegiate system and shared governance. However, this situation has been mitigated by centralizing president’s authority. Dominant faction was led by Chen Shui-bian or local leaders during ruling period.
The reasons that influence factions consist of president, government policy, constitutional structure and electoral system. Chen Shui-bian played a key role in party affairs, election and policy during his ruling period. After the outbreak of the relevant scandal, President Chen Shui-bian and his faction lost prestige. In the meanwhile, the operations of the factions return to traditional model.
The equal, normal and institutional faction in the past had gradually transferred into an individual servant faction under the ruling of self-interest dominant by Chen Shui-bian and other central leaders refer above. And this resulted in the complexity of the factions, which had changed right after the eruption of the scandals.
On the other hand, perceiving from the aspect of the comparative feature and range, the operation of faction in DDP was accessible to the public, however, it has changed into a reserved form since the ruling period, and the range of competition was restricted to the people in the core of ruling, especially to former president Chen Shui-bian and other senior leadership. Moreover, from the view of the development of factions, there are some similarity between DDP and LDP (Liberal Democratic Party) in Japan, since that they both transferred their faction from a multiple form into a single and co-leading form.
Therefore, the positive and comparative function of DDP had strongly diminished since the ruling in 2000, not to mention the public, democratic and multiple features under the competition of faction had also profoundly decreased since the ruling. And this is undoubtedly the main reason that led to the end of eight- year-executive governance. |
