| 摘要: | 急性運動會誘發體內促發炎反應因子，如：腫瘤壞死因子、第一白血球間質素、第六白血球間質素，以及抗發炎反應因子第十白血球間質素的產生，促發炎反應因子會對細胞造成損傷。另外，也會產生活性氧分子(Reactive oxygen species, ROS)，並且導致脂質過氧化、蛋白質氧化和器官損傷。綠茶包含了數種兒茶酚的多酚化合物。兒茶素屬於黃酮類化合物，佔茶葉主要的多元酚類總含量的75~80%，其主要成分為EGCG(epigallocatechin gallate)、EGC(epigallocatechin)、ECG(epicatechin gallate)、EC(epicatechin)。依研究顯示兒茶素具有許多功能，包括抗氧化、抗發炎、抗菌、抗癌、抗糖尿病和抗動脈硬化。目前為止尚無研究探討兒茶素補充對於急性運動損傷的保護效應。因此，本研究計劃將評估兒茶素對跑步運動性損傷的效應。
40隻8週齡SD大鼠隨機分成4組（每組10隻），包括控制組（C組，大鼠口服灌食生理食鹽水，不運動），兒茶素對照組（CC組，大鼠每日口服灌食50毫克兒茶素/公斤體重，不運動)， 運動組（E組，大鼠口服灌食生理食鹽水治療，然後進行急性運動），兒茶素運動組（CE，大鼠接受每日口服灌食50毫克兒茶素/公斤體重，然後進行急性運動）。兒茶素補充七天後，進行跑步機運動(速度：18公尺/分鐘，跑40分鐘)，然後犧牲採檢體做血清生化測量及器官切片。血清生化測量項目包含肌酸磷酸激酶(Creatine phosphokinase, CPK)、乳酸去氫酶(Lactate dehydrogenase, LDH)、血液尿素氮(Blood urea nitrogen, BUN)、肌酸酐(Creatinine, CRE)、丙胺酸轉胺酶(Alanine transaminase, ALT)，麩胺酸轉胺酶(Aspartate transaminase, AST)及尿酸(Uric acid, UA)。
結果顯示，經兒茶素補充一週後，運動組的BUN、CPK、AST、ALT、CRE、LDH及UA等生化數值明顯高於控制組，而且結果也顯示，兒茶素運動組與運動組相比，由運動引起的器官損傷情況明顯減少。在病理切片圖中，我們發現跑步運動後的大白鼠腎臟有腎小管擴張、蛋白質滴液累積的情況；肌肉部份也有輕微水腫、肝臟有肝醣累積的情況，而兒茶素補充可以改善上述組織病理變化。西方點墨法分析中，跑步運動後的大白鼠，IL-1、TNF-α及IL-10有明顯升高的反應，兒茶素補充也可以降低細胞激素的表現。綜合以上實驗結果顯示，跑步運動會誘發器官損傷，且補充兒茶素可以降低器官損傷，兒茶素降低損傷的機制與細胞激素的分泌有關。
Several lines of evidence suggested that acute exercise induced pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine such as Interleukin-1, Interleukin-6, Interleukin-6 and Tumour necrosis factor. Acute exercise can cause the production ROS (Reactive oxygen species, ROS), and lead to lipid peroxidation, protein oxidative damage and organ injury. Catechins mainly consist of epigallocatechin gallate, epicatechin gallate, gallocatechin, and epigallocatechin. These polyphenols exert some physiological activities, including antibacterial, anticarcinogenic, antidiabetic, and antiatherogenic effects. In this study, the effects of catechins on acute exercise-induced injuries will be investigated.
Forty 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divide into four groups (ten for each group), including control group (C, the rats receiving saline supplementation by oral gavage daily), catechins control group (CC, the rats receiving catechins supplementation of 50 mg/per kg body weight by oral gavage daily.), exercise group (E, the rats receiving saline supplementation by oral gavage daily and then subjected to acute exercise), and catechins exercise group (CE, the rats receiving catechins supplementation of 50 mg/ per kg body weight by oral gavage daily and then subjected to acute exercise). Following seven days catechins supplementation, the rats subjected to treadmill running (18 m/min, 40 mins), and the rats sacrificed for serum biochemical analysis and organ histological analysis. The serum biochemical items included Creatine phosphokinase (CPK), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), Creatinine (CRE), Alanine transaminase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and Uric acid (UA). The organ histological analysis items included liver edema, renal tubule swelling, dilation or hyaline cast, renal proximal tubule brush-border membrane detachment, and muscle rhabdomyolysis fibers breakdown. Catechins supplementation attenuated all biochemical data of blood for exercise group levels except serum CRE. These results suggested that catechins reduced acute running exercise caused cells injuries. Histology showed that there were some pathological changes in one object of exercise group, including moderate dilation and swelling of renal tubule, slight hyaline cast and brush-border membrane detachment, and focal intermyofiber edema. In Western blotting analysis, the exercise group had increased expression of TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10 and IL-1, and catechins exercise group inhibited inflammatory cytokines expression. Our results suggest that acute running exercise would caused muscle and kidney injuries. Catechins supplement would reduce acute exercise-induced organ injuries, and cytokines may play some roles in acute running exercise injury. |
