| 摘要: | The research questions for this study are (1) what is the relationship among energy consumption, GDP, and population in Indonesia? (2) what is the relationship among energy consumption, GDP, and population in Thailand?, (3) what are the differences between Indonesia and Thailand based on the investigated relationship? This study is the first one which explains the relationship between energy consumption, GDP, and population for Indonesia and Thailand using Granger causality test with the collected data from 1972 until 2011. The relationship between energy consumption, GDP, and population were run by Augmented Dickey-Fuller test statistics for unit root test, multivariate co-integration test based on Johansen method, VAR model or VECM model, and Granger Causality test. The results of this study show that there is a bi-directional causality between energy consumption and population for Indonesia, a unidirectional causality running from energy consumption to GDP in Thailand, and also a unidirectional causality running from GDP to population for both countries.
Keywords: energy consumption, GDP, Granger causality test, population
The research questions for this study are (1) what is the relationship among energy consumption, GDP, and population in Indonesia? (2) what is the relationship among energy consumption, GDP, and population in Thailand?, (3) what are the differences between Indonesia and Thailand based on the investigated relationship? This study is the first one which explains the relationship between energy consumption, GDP, and population for Indonesia and Thailand using Granger causality test with the collected data from 1972 until 2011. The relationship between energy consumption, GDP, and population were run by Augmented Dickey-Fuller test statistics for unit root test, multivariate co-integration test based on Johansen method, VAR model or VECM model, and Granger Causality test. The results of this study show that there is a bi-directional causality between energy consumption and population for Indonesia, a unidirectional causality running from energy consumption to GDP in Thailand, and also a unidirectional causality running from GDP to population for both countries. |
