| 摘要: | 聚乳酸(Polylactic acid，PLA)是一種直鏈型的脂肪族熱塑性聚酯，且由於它的生物可分解能力及對待環境的親和性，從20世紀70年代起就已經獲得很多人注意了。但它的機械物理性質的脆弱和耐溫性不佳是目前很多在應用上的主要缺點。為了改進這樣的特性，本研究將製備聚乳酸/奈米粉體之混成有機/無機奈米複合材料，探討此奈米複合材料之製備方法及其材料性質。利用奈米粉體（奈米二氧化矽、奈米二氧化鈦與奈米雲母）之特有性質，如高強度、高剛性、耐熱性、耐燃性、耐磨耗、抗UV、抗氧化、抗靜電、硬度佳、電絕緣性佳與奈米尺寸等特性，利用熔融混煉插入法混入聚乳酸時，可以有效提升聚乳酸特性，使得聚乳酸樹脂應用更為廣泛。本計畫分二年執行，第一年利用熔融混煉插入法製備聚乳酸/未改質奈米粉體之奈米複合材料；第二年利用熔融混煉插入法製備聚乳酸/改質奈米粉體之奈米複合材料，使用矽烷偶合劑對奈米粉體進行表面改質，使其表面有機化，利用霍式紅外線光譜(FTIR)、拉曼光譜(Raman spectra)、電子能譜儀(XPS)與熱重量分析儀(TGA)來鑑定改質奈米粉體，並且使用雷射粒徑分析儀分析改質前後奈米粉體之粒徑大小分佈情形。此二年計畫皆探討聚乳酸/奈米粉體之奈米複合材料之加工變數，利用X光繞射儀(XRD)分析奈米複合材料微結構與結晶度變化，利用電子顯微鏡(SEM、TEM、AFM)觀察奈米粉體在聚乳酸樹脂中之分散與結合情形之形態學。比較添加奈米粉體前後聚乳酸樹脂之物理性質(密度、膨潤性質、接觸角)、靜態機械性質(抗張強度與模數、抗折強度與模數、耐衝擊強度、硬度、耐磨耗)、動態機械性質(E’, E”, tan)與熱性質(HDT、Vicat、TGA、DSC、TMA、熔融指數)等，以提升聚乳酸樹脂之特性。
Polylactic acid (PLA) is linear aliphatic thermoplastic polyester and it has obtained much attention since 1970s due to its biodegradability and friendliness for environment. However, its brittleness and low thermal resistance are major drawback for its applications. In order to improve such properties, the project object is to investigate the polylactic acid (PLA)/nanopowder hybrid organic/inorganic nanocomposites, and study the processing method and properties of nanocomposites. To use the relationship properties of nanopowder (nano-silica, nano-titanium dioxide and nano-mica) including high strength, high modulus, thermal resistance, flame resistance, abrasion resistance, UV resistance, oxidation resistance, high electric insulation, excellent hardness and nano-sized to increase the properties of PLA by melt intercalation method. This project must be finished about two years. The first year project will manufacuture the PLA/non-modified nanopowder nanocomposites by using melt intercalation (Plasti-corder & Measuring Mixer ) method. The second year project will manufacuture the PLA/modified nanopowder nanocomposites by using melt intercalation method. To modified nanopower by using silane coupling agent. Hence, the nanopower surface can be organised. Using FTIR, Raman spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) and thermogravimetric analyer (TGA) appraise the functional group of modified nanopower. To analyze the nanopower particle diameter distribution using laser particle diameter analyzer. These two years project all investigate the processing variables of PLA/nanopowder nanocomposites. To observe microstructure and crystallinity of nanocomposites by using X-Ray. To observe nanopower dispersion in PLA resin by using electron microscope (SEM, TEM, AFM). Meanwhile, it can be investigate the physical properties (density, swelling ratio, contact angle), static mechanical properties (tensile strength and modulus, flexural strength and modulus, impact strength, hardness, abrasion), dynamic mechanical analysis (E’, E’, tan), and thermal properties (HDT, vicat, TGA, DSC, TMA, melt index) of PLA/nanopower nanocomposites in order to improve the PLA resin properties |
