| 摘要: | 近年來受到氣候變遷的影響，台灣的氣候急遽變化，因此影響了人們在戶外活動的意願。本研究主要目的在了解都市公園中微氣候的變化與環境結構的不同對於使用者在公園中行為及位置選取上的影響，並同時探討公園內部的環境結構與微氣候的關係。調查地點為台北市大安森林公園，針對觀察區域界定樣區單元與環境結構(樹木疏密、水池有無、運動設施有無、樹木高度、草地比例、與最近出入口距離、休憩設施數量及運動設施種類等八項)。歸納出16個環境結構組合，藉由分層隨機抽樣的方式，決定各個組合的調查位置。利用儀器記錄各觀察點日照及陰影處的溫度、照度、風速、相對濕度等微氣候數據，以人工的方式記錄當下在觀察點的使用者人數，同時判別其年齡、性別，當下使用行為(運動、跑步、步行及休憩等四項)以及當下所在位置(裸露地、草地、鋪面、休憩設施、跑道、籃球場及遊戲區等七項)。本研究結果微氣候-照度及風速對於環境結構的影響，在樹木疏密、樹木高度及休憩設施數量這三部分較為顯著，且主要以陰影處的微氣候微為主。使用者主要受到微氣候-溫度影響，其影響年齡層分布在21歲(含)以上，佔總人數的87%，主要影響的環境結構-與最近出入口距離。使用者的行為以步行為眾，佔總人數的86%，受到微氣候的影響以溫度及風速為主，環境結構的影響為與最近出入口距離；使用者的位置以鋪面為主，佔總人數74%，主要受到微氣候-溫度及風速影響，環境結構的影響為與最近出入口距離與使用者的行為結果相似。雖使用者受兩者影響，但對於使用者來說，在公園的周圍主要受到結構影響，當距離越靠近公園內部，則受到氣候-溫度的影響較為顯著，主要是因為公園內部的空間配置並不像公園周圍以喬木及灌木所包覆。未來在做公園規劃設計時，可將樹木高度-中的喬木作為公園內的主要配置，結合季節的變化，利用樹種的特性調節溫度，以利未來能提升使用者對於公園的使用量。
關鍵字 : 都市公園，微氣候，環境結構，使用者行為
By the effects of climate change in recent years, Taiwan climate is also rapidly changing, affecting the willingness of people forwards outdoor activities. The main purpose of this study is to understand the effects of micro-climate and environmental structure on the behavior and location of users an urban in park, and at the same time explore the relationship between the environment at the structure and micro-climate in the park. The survey was in Taipei City's Da-an Forest Park, Sample units were determined using environment structure (tree density, whether the pool and sports facilities with or without the height of trees, grass proportion, with the entrance distance, the number of recreational facilities and sports facilities types eight). From the 16 combinations of environmental structure, samples were selected by means of stratified random sampling. Instrumental record of each observation point in sunshine and in shadow included temperature, illumination, wind speed, relative humidity. The number of users present in the observation point, were subjectively distinguish using their age, gender, and the in usage behavior(exercise, walking, running, and leisure), and the in current location(bare ground, grass, pavement, recreational facilities, running track, basketball courts and playground).The results of this study suggests that micro-climate factors such as illumination and wind speed are influenced by environmental structure and has tree density, tree height and the number of recreational facilities. The major whose above microclimate affecting users is mostly impacting 21 years of age (inclusive). The major environment structure affecting use is the distance from the nearest entrance. The most common user behavior is walking(86%), which is affected by temperature and wind speed, distance to nearest. The most common user’s location is on the pavement(74%) where it is affected by temperature, wind speed, distance to nearest entrance. Although the users are subject to both microclimate and structure, they are more subject to microclimate when they are close to the park internal, mainly because the space inside the park is not surrounded by trees and shrubs around the park. Future park planning and design should include factors such as tree height - in the trees as the main configuration of the park, combined with the change of seasons, the use of the characteristics of species to adjust the temperature can enhance the user for the use of the park, in order to facilitate future, in order to enhance park use.
Keywords: Urban Park, Micro-climate, Environment Structure, User Behavior |
