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| 題名: | 遙測技術於台北市都市綠地之碳吸存監測研究 |
| 作者: | 陳信宏 |
| 貢獻者: | 景觀學系 |
| 關鍵詞: | 遙測技術
Remote Sensing
植生指數
normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI
碳吸存
carbon sequestration
淨初級生產量
net primary productivity, NPP
土地使用
land-use
土地覆蓋
land-cover |
| 日期: | 2011 |
| 上傳時間: | 2012-11-06 10:20:01 (UTC+8) |
| 摘要: | 由於全球氣候急遽變遷，極端氣候逐漸威脅日常生活，促使各國關注減碳的議題。都市為二氧化碳主要的產生地方，以臺灣人口最多的台北市而言，因都市成長、土地開發，使得都市內具有吸收碳的功能的綠地面積日漸減少，導致地區性的暖化作用，因此都市在開發時，應將綠地面積及其碳吸存量等問題納入考量，以達成永續都市樣貌。
遙測技術能以即時、有效、大尺度的方式估算碳吸存量，更可以長期監測碳吸存量的變動情形，因此藉由遙測影像處理軟體，先估算植生指數(NDVI)，再透過植生指數和NPP估算模型，能有效地推估淨初級生產力(NPP)，進而即時地估算碳吸存量，因此透過遙測技術的應用，將有助於監測都市內的碳吸存量，進而提供都市內綠地配比之規劃。
本研究旨在應用遙測技術監測台北市綠地(含林地與草地)的碳吸存量及其變遷情形。研究方法係利用1993年與2007年兩期的台北市SPOT衛星影像，先進行影像分析與分類處理，以獲取土地覆蓋圖和植生指數(NDVI)，然後根據國土測繪調查成果之台北市土地使用圖(landuse map)和衛星影像分類產生之土地覆蓋圖(landcover map)，萃取台北市的綠地範圍，並分別針對綠地內的陰影區，採用前、後期陰影區聯集的做法和影像增揚的方式，以去除陰影效應，避免陰影區影響植生指數的準確性，然後透過植生指數與NPP估算模型，估算綠地的淨初級生產力和碳吸存量，進而監測台北市綠地於1993和2007年的碳吸存量變遷情形。
研究結果顯示，就利用國土測繪調查產生的土地使用圖和本研究衛星影像分類產生的土地覆蓋圖而言，應用土地覆蓋圖所估算的碳吸存量較為接近地面實際值，其中林地每年每公頃的碳吸存量為3.71~5.83公噸，草地每年每公頃的碳吸存量為0.90~1.83公噸，但因台北市的綠地面積逐漸減少，使得台北市的總碳吸存量逐年減少；其次，利用影像增揚以去除陰影效應的做法，確實可改善陰影區的植生指數，讓綠地的碳吸存量估算結果較能符合實際值；而比較不同空間解析度衛星(SPOT和MODIS衛星)之碳吸存量的差異顯示，林地的碳吸存量每公頃相差約0.20~0.28公噸，而草地的碳吸存量每公頃相差約0.04~0.25公噸，同時，當空間解析度越精細時，其碳吸存量愈趨於實際值；而在林地管理(保安林、國有林、公有林、及私有林)劃分上，發現保安林具有較高的碳吸存量，因此在林地管理劃分上，若考量碳吸存的課題，則可偏重保安林的比例。本研究結果可提供台北市未來進行都市規劃時綠地配比之參考。
Global climate change influencing human environment has been growing recently. This leads most of countries to regard to carbon reduction as an important issue. Urban area is the main place producing carbon dioxide (CO2). Take Taipei which is the largest population city in Taiwan as an example: Because of urban growth and land exploitation, so the city has absorbed the CO2 functions of the green land has declining. This causes the role of regional warming. Because the green lands in urban area have functions of carbon sequestration, the quantity of CO2 emission should be considered when developing a new urban area in future.
Remote Sensing could estimate carbon sequestration by immediate, effective and large-scale way, as well as long-term monitor carbon sequestration situation. We use remote sensing image to process software. To estimate vegetation index (NDVI) as the beginning. Secondly, through the NDVI and net primary productivity model (NPP model), it can estimate the net primary productivity (NPP) effectively, and then estimating carbon sequestration promptly. Through the application of remote sensing technology that helping monitor carbon sequestration within the city, and then providing a plan to a city of green space ratio.
This study was designed to apply remote sensing technology for monitoring Taipei green land (including Forestland and Grassland) carbon sequestration and the changing situation. The research method is using two Taipei’s SPOT satellite images in 1993 and 2007. First, to progress the image analysis and classification process obtains land cover and NDVI. Second, according to land surveying results of Taipei City land use map and satellite image classification of land cover map. Extraction of Taipei green land area. Third, separately focusing on the shaded areas of green land, Through the two shaded areas using union area deleting and the use of images stretch. That remove the shadow effect. To avoid the shadow affects the accuracy of NDVI, and then through the NDVI and NPP model to estimate green land the NPP and carbon sequestration. By all of above, it monitors the changing situation of Taipei’s green carbon sequestration between 1993 and 2007.
The research of mapping survey resulting in using maps and satellite image classification resulting in covered map shows that: To adopt land-cover map to estimate the carbon sequestration is more close to the ground actual value, which forestland absorption of carbon per hectare per year stock of 3.71 to 5.83 tons and grassland carbon sequestration per hectare per year of of 0.90 to 1.83 tons. Because Taipei green land reduced gradually, the total carbon sequestration decreasing every year. Secondly, using images stretch remove the shadow effect could improve the shadow of the NDVI, and making green land carbon sequestration estimates more in keeping with the actual value. Compared the satellites into different spatial resolution (SPOT & MODIS satellite), the total amount of carbon sequestration is different to forestland per hectare about 0.20 to 0.28 tons to grassland per hectare about 0.04 to 0.25 tons. And after the overall comparison, the more precise spatial resolution, which tends to the actual value of carbon sequestration. And about the forest management (Protection Forest, National Forest, Public Forest and Private Forest), Protection Forest contains more high carbon sequestration, If the study consideration for carbon sequestration, that can be emphasis on protection forests in forest dividing. This research can provide the plan of urban green land of Taipei in the future. |
| 顯示於類別: | [景觀學系所] 博碩士論文
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