| 摘要: | 民國92年就業保險獨立立法之時，無一定雇主勞工已成為就業保險的適用對象，被納入就業保險的保護傘之下，但經過長時間下來，卻沒有真正落實保障到無一定雇主勞工的權益，本文主要以社會排除的觀點探討無一定雇主勞工適用就業保險的實踐困境，目前我國就業保險的制度設計與勞工保險制度設計不同，其立法的目的也不相同，但在保險人的部分同為勞工保險局，因此仍在同一個運作體系之下，就業保險以受僱之事實為要件即適用，而勞工保險並非強調受僱事實，因此在適用對象上產生落差。具體問題意識為，在這兩個保險體系的制度設計未達周延的情況下，導致在法律上，無一定雇主勞工應該納入就業保險的保障範圍，但實際上卻出現難以真正適用就業保險制度的實踐困境為何?
本文透過文獻之整理，探討無一定雇主勞工的就業型態與其面臨的勞動風險不利處境，並且利用深度訪談的研究方法，集結無一定雇主勞工、職業工會、勞工團體及政府單位之各方實務經驗分享，深入探討無一定雇主勞工在適用就業保險制度的執行層面所面臨的困難。研究發現：就業保險與勞工保險的適用對象不一致及就業保險以受僱事實為納保要件，而無一定雇主勞工多受僱於自然人雇主或因受僱型態的不明確，將面臨所謂受僱要件的困難，間接從制度中所排除，這是造成無一定雇主勞工適用就業保險執行落實困難的主要原因。另外也發現，無一定雇主勞工在轉換工作時，因無其他特殊技能而被勞動市場所排除淪為邊緣者
，無法進入核心的勞動市場當中，經濟的不景氣所產生的就業衝擊，不穩定的工作機會造成不穩定的收入來源，一旦發生失業的困境，面臨的是經濟來源的中斷，將使無一定雇主勞工無法獲得所得安全的保障。因此，本文藉由研究結論並且提出建議，目的使達到制度的落實趨於完善。
The Employment Insurance Act was issued in 2003, no fixed employer of labors had been applicable to the employment insurance under the protection of the Employment Insurance, but did not really implement protection to no fixed employer of labors rights and interests after a long time.
This article aims to analyze the practical dilemma of no fixed employers of labors have been applicable to the employment insurance form the social exclusive perspective in Taiwan. Although the purpose and the designed way are all difference between the employment insurance system and the labor insurance system, but operating in the context of adminstive instition because of the insurer of two systems are the Bureau of Labor Insurance.There are gaps between two systems, because of the employment insurance systems is focus on the facts, it is difference of the labor insurance which is not focus on the employment.
The concrete issues are the system design of the two insurance systems is not exhaustive of the case, resulting in no fixed employer of labors should be included in the scope of protection of the Employment Insurance, but in fact it is difficult to applicable to the plight of employment insurance.
This paper explored the employment patterns and the labor risks confronting no fixed employer of labors by sorting through the literature, explored the difficulties in the process of implementation applicable to the employment insurance system with no fixed employer of labors by depth interviews with no fixed employer of labors, occupational union, labor organizations and Labor executive for sharing experiences.
The result is: employment insurance and labor insurance applicable to object to inconsistent. Employment insurance is focus on employment facts, but no fixed employer of labors are more employment of a natural person as an employer or the employment patterns is not clear, they will face the difficulties of the employment facts, indirect excluded from the system, this is the main reason that caused the no fixed employer of labors applicable to the plight of employment insurance.
Another result is no fixed employer of labors have no special skills from one job transition to another job, bringing forth becoming a marginalized of the labor market and unable to enter the primary labor market. The economic downturn which caused employment impact, employment opportunity is unstable and it caused resulting in an unstable source of income, in the event of the plight of the unemployed, facing economic source of the interrupt will make no fixed employer of labors can’t be obtained to protect the safety. Therefore, by the conclusions and recommendations, the purpose to achieve the implementation of the system tends to improve. |
