由國際人道法論戰俘待遇：以伊拉克虐囚事件為例

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题名:	由國際人道法論戰俘待遇：以伊拉克虐囚事件為例
作者:	吳誠涵
贡献者:	美國研究所
关键词:	國際人道法 International Humanitarian Law 戰俘待遇 Prisoners of War
日期:	2012
上传时间:	2012-10-30
摘要:	近年在國際上有關戰俘問題的探討，應屬美英聯軍虐待伊拉克戰俘事件最為世界震撼。而值得探討的是，身為人權大國的美國為何會有如此非人道行為，而美國本身如何看待並處理虐囚事件？國際社會又如何看待？因此，本研究希冀從國際人道法觀點探討美軍虐囚事件，並提出相關看法與建議。在總結美國的歷史背景、人權思想、反恐意識、虐囚事件及後續相關作為，以及本就虐囚事件發生成因作一探討後，有以下之發現：一、尊重人權是跨文明的相處之道；二、文明的核心價值無法輕易遷移；三、軍事倫理教育促成戰場文化變革。另外，目前國際上處理戰俘問題大致分兩種方式：若涉及國際戰爭，一般依＜日內瓦公約＞處理；若涉及戰爭罪行，則交由國際法庭審理、判決；而在戰俘問題上，本研究擬提出相關建議，以作為爾後處理戰俘應有之認知與參考，亦作為我國國軍應有之培訓參考：一、軍事倫理課程設計應注重實用性；二、高層決策者應有的智慧；三、慎擬有關戰俘處理的終戰指導；四、專業教育需加強的語言與文化教育；五、平時官兵的人權教育；六、軍人在戰場上須遵守相關倫理規定。 In recent years, the issue of prisoners in the international discussion, it should be the most shocked of the US-British coalition abuse of Iraqi prisoners event in the world. It's worth to discuss why inhumane acts occur as a human rights country from the United States? And, how to treat and deal with incidents of prisoner abuse of the United States? How to treat about the international community? Therefore, about the U.S. military abuse of prisoners, hope to explore the view from the international humanitarian law, and give some observations and recommendations. Summarize the historical background, the ideology of human rights, anti-terrorism awareness, prisoner abuse and so on , the following findings: First, it is the cross-civilization way to get along with the respect for human rights; Second, the core values of civilization can not be easily moved; Third, the military ethics education contributed to the battlefield of cultural change. In addition, there are two ways to treat the prisoners of war: it is involved in international war, the treatment of “Geneva Convention” or treatment; it is involved in war crimes, referred to the international court.In the POW issue, this study give some suggestions as cognitive and reference to deal with prisoners of war, and suggestions as training in Taiwan army: First, military ethics curriculum should be designed to focus on practicality; Second, high-level decision-makers should be wisdom; Third, to make the cautious guidance about the treatment of the prisoners of war; Forth, professional education should be strengthened on language and culture education; fifth, the human rights education in usually; sixth, soldiers on the battlefield required to comply with relevant ethical requirements.
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