添附制度之反思─以其本質及效力為中心

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題名:	添附制度之反思─以其本質及效力為中心
作者:	杜佳燕
貢獻者:	法律學系
關鍵詞:	添附制度 accession regulation 添附物 continuation 不當得利 unjust enrichment 本質 essence 效力 effect 公共利益 public interest
日期:	2012
上傳時間:	2012-10-18 10:25:25 (UTC+8)
摘要:	添附制度之立法目的在於保護社會經濟以維持添附物之整體經濟效益，因而規定在構成添附情狀時，禁止原物分離以保護公共利益，為保護高度公共利益僅有不得已犧牲低度個人利益，是以，法律特別規定添附制度以法律保留之方式犧牲個人法益，即由添附規範確定添附物所有權歸屬，可能造成一方受有利益而他方受有損害之情形，而因此受有利益者，僅係立法技術上之便宜規定而取得添附物所有權，並非屬具法律上原因而受有利益，故因添附而受有損害者，立法者特別賦予其可準用不當得利之規定請求償還所受損害之價額。本文首要聲明構成添附之前提必須係基於事實，若係基於法律行為所形成之添附，當由其法律關係決定當事人間之權利義務，再就添附制度之三種型態，即附合、混合及加工為構成要件及法律效果之討論。分屬不同所有人之物與物或物與勞務之相結合，方會產生添附，進而有確定添附物所有權歸屬之必要，構成添附必須達「非毀損不能分離(辨識)或分離(辨識)需費過鉅」之結合程度，反之，則不構成添附情狀，且應依原物之使用目的是否注重原物返還，否則原物所有權人當可請求原物返還，本文亦認加工物所有權歸屬，僅需單純地依加工後增加之價值是否顯逾原材料價值為判準即可，無須以是否成為新物而限制加工之認定標準。添附有可能產生使他人強迫得利之情形，此時，受利益人可限制受損害人之不當得利請求權；受損害人因添附而係因侵權行為構成時，原則上受利益人當可就不當得利請求權與侵權行為之損害賠償，擇一對其較有利而行使，兩請求權處於競合狀態；在不適法無因管理及不法管理時有產生添附情狀，本人不願意享有管理人管理之利益時，須先討論添附物所有權歸屬後，方可討論後續之請求權關係；由無權占有人就占有物產生添附時，亦須先行討論添附物所有權歸屬後，方能進行添附之不當得利請求權與無權占有之請求權間之討論；給付關係之誤認係基於債務人主觀意思產生錯誤之給付關係而產生添附情狀，原則上亦係得請求不當得利，但須注意已受民法第816條之限制不得請求原物返還，以維護添附物之整體經濟利益；「返還同種類之物」係賦予善意不知其物被添附之請求選擇權，係本文參酌法國立法例後，認為可資借鏡予我國作為立法參考。 The legislative intent of the accession regulation is to protect socio-economic to maintain the overall economic benefit of the continuation, in order to protect the public interest of the high degree cannot choose but sacrifice the low interest. Civil Law instituted the accession regulation to determine the ownership of the continuation. It may cause one party affect by the interest but the other party has caused damage that it is a brief provision of the legislation technically to get the ownership of the continuation. Legislators especially endow with people who have caused damage by the accession regulation that it applicable mutatis mutandis the stipulation of unjust enrichment to apply for the price of the damage. At first, this text declare the premise of the accession must be based on facts. Secondly, this article introduce the constitutive elements and the Legal effects of the accession regulation. The combination of the continuation must belong to different owners or different owner of the materials and services that its degree of combination cannot be separated or identified without damaging or requiring fee too high. This article believes that the process object does not need to become a new object only according to the value of the increase of the process more than the original value. Last but not least, accession may accompany forced enrichment, torts, negotiorum gestio, the possession of no right or the mistake of the payment relationship that we have to solve the rights is competing or elimination relationship. This article proposes “return the same type thing”that it refer to French legislation, this article think it can be our legislative reference.
顯示於類別:	[法律學系暨法律學研究所] 博碩士論文

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