孵化溫度對台灣土雞性別分化之影響

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Title:	孵化溫度對台灣土雞性別分化之影響
Authors:	楊凱傑
Contributors:	生物科技研究所
Keywords:	溫度 temperature 孵化時間 incubation time 性別分化 sex differentiation 轉性 reverse sex
Date:	2012
Issue Date:	2012-10-16 10:27:11 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	本試驗旨在探討不同孵化溫度對紅羽土雞及黑羽土雞性別分化之影響及轉性雞隻的生長、屠體及性徵表現，以評估其應用於改善種蛋孵化場之出雛性別比例。本試驗利用調控紅羽土雞種蛋及黑羽土雞種蛋孵化溫度及時間來觀察性別分化之轉性現象，並將雛雞飼養至屠宰後觀察正常性別與轉性雞隻的屠體性能及性徵表現。紅羽土雞孵化之全期以高溫(100℉)孵化，發現有20%之轉雄性雞隻，但孵化率低(50%)。改以孵化早期(0至7日)利用高溫(100℉)孵化，雖提升了孵化率（71.4%），但轉雄性率較低（7.7%）。在孵化早期提高溫度至三種不同高溫（103、102、100℉）孵化，發現在此溫度範圍內，轉雄性率會隨著溫度升高而增加，孵化率會隨著溫度升高而減少，其中第0至7日以102℉孵化得到可接受之轉性率（73.3%）及孵化率（39.7%)。轉雄性雞隻在生長表現、屠宰表現及性徵表現與正常雄性無顯著差異。在黑羽土雞孵化試驗中，發現轉雌性雞隻平均出現在不同孵化溫度。其轉雌性雞隻在生長表現及屠體表現均無顯著差異，但在性徵表現較接近原始性別，顯示有逆轉性別之可能。整體而言，紅羽土雞早期以100℉孵化確實可以增加雄性孵化比率，黑羽土雞無法用溫度調控孵化性別比率，而轉性雞隻之生產性能達到消費者可接受之程度。 The purpose of this study was to manipulate the secondary sex ratio by regulating the incubation temperature and to observe the sex ratio, growth performance, slaughter performance and sex characteristic of red feather Native Taiwan Country Chicken (NTCC) and black feather NTCC. To observe the sex reverse of red feather NTCC and black feather NTCC, fertilized eggs were incubated at various temperatures and time frames of incubation. For growth trial, day one chicks were raised until day of slaughter to observe the growth performance, slaughter performance and sex characteristic of sex reversal chicks and normal sex chicks. The red feather NTCC fertilized eggs hatched at 100℉ at all time found some sex reversal males, but the hatchability was low (50%). Hatching at 100℉ during early hatching stage (0-7 days) improved the hatchability (71.4%), but the sex reversal male ratio was decreased (7.7%). Hatching at even higher temperatures (103℉, 102℉ and 100℉) during early hatching stage decreased the hatchability (39.7%) as the temperature increase , but increased the sex reversal rate (73.3%). The sex reversal male had no significant differences on growth performance, slaughter performance and sex characteristic from the normal male chickens. In black feather NTCC hatching experiment, the reversed sexes occurred randomly at any hating temperatures. The reversed sex chickens had no significant differences on growth performance and slaughter performance from the normal sex chickens, but the sex characteristic was found to be similar with the normal sex chickens indicating a possibility of reversing back to the original sex. In summary, the red feather NTCC can be manipulated by hatching at 100 ℉ during early hatching stage to increase the male ratio, but not the black feather NTCC. The morphological characteristics and the growth performance of the sex reversal male chickens are considered acceptable to the consumer.
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