| 摘要: | 農業是一地居民由農耕維生發展為經濟活動的產業。農業活動類型的變遷隨著自然與人文環境、農業技術、相關法規、運輸條件、產銷策略等因素影響而轉型。本文以台北陽明山竹子湖地區為例，透過文獻蒐集、製圖、分析，親訪相關公部門、農民、居民以及休閒業者等，掌握竹子湖地區百年來曾發展的主要農業類型及促使轉型的相關因素。
本區早期受自然環境影響以「採礦、種茶為主」（17世紀～1895年）；當日本粳米育種及栽培技術於本區成功後，轉為「蓬萊米種原及栽培區」（1896~1945年代）；其後配合台北大都會需要，引種「高冷蔬菜並成為北部產銷重地」（1946~80年代），但在中山高速公路通車後（1978年）市場因中南部快速到貨而失利；在此同時，本區是大台北地區苗木花樹供應地之一，然1985年劃為陽明山國家公園，在限制採挖苗木法令下，本區轉以「切花、盆花及賞花產業」為主（1970年代～至今）；近期配合休閒時代來臨，本區農園走向整合第一至第三級的「休閒觀光產業」（1995年～至今）。
Agriculture is an industry which people originally cultivated for their own food and then developed to an economic business. The patterns of agricultural activities have changed due to certain factors: the physical and cultural environments, technology, transportation, government policy, and market and farmers strategy of production. As a case study, this paper examines the changes of agricultural pattern in Jhuzihu area within Yangminshan National Park during the last four hundred years, and explores the factors that caused the changes. It is based on library research, cartographic presentation, map analysis, and personal interviews with farmers, residents, local officials and leisure business men.
During the 17th to 19th centuries, Jhuzihu, affected by surrounding mining activities, was mainly a tea plantation area. After the success of mating experimentation and cultivation of Japanese non-glutinous rice, the area during the period of 1896-1945 turned Lo be a special district for cultivating the breeder's seeds of Japonica type rice (Pon-lai-mi). Later during 1946-1980, the area, to meet the demand from Taipei metropolis, again changed to become a major supplier of temperate vegetables for northern Taiwan. But after the opening up of Chung-San Highway in 1978, it lost edge to the southern Taiwan for this role. Although it remained to be the supplier of nursery stock and flower bushes for the greater Taipei region, the creation of Yangminshan National Park in 1985 put a legal restriction to excavating sprouts. Thus this area has shifted to flower cutting and potting business, which also bring up with flower visitors. With the coming of leisure era, the horticulture of this area is now classified as the 'leisure and tourism' industry of Class-Ⅰ to Class-Ⅲ. |
