The exploration on "honoring the virtuous" (尊德性) and "exploring the knowledge" (道問學) should be viewed from the perspective of the whole academic history of Ch'ing Dynasty. As the core concepts in shaping the development of the academic history, they propel the "the Han-Song Debates" (漢宋之爭) towards the ultimate presentation of the argument between "honoring the virtuous" and "exploring the knowledge" from Song Dynasty to the middle age of Ch'ing Dynasty. The academic debates between the Song Learning (宋學) and the Han Learning (漢學) in Ch'ing Dynasty strictly follow the inner logic (內在理路) of forwardness of intellectual history. Despite the ups and downs on both sides, fusion of both thoughts existed through derivation, mutual-criticism, evolution and the final convergence of the two schools, and thus the history of academic thoughts in Ch'ing Dynasty is burnt with gorgeous sparks in changes and adjustments.
